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Equine Obstetrics

Equine Obstetrics. Antenatal Care. Pregnancy Diagnosis (Ultrasonographic) at day 15 At day 30 for twining At day 60 if needed History of previous abortion May need Progesterone Round the clock supervision near term What are the signs at term? Without disturbing the mare.

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Equine Obstetrics

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  1. Equine Obstetrics

  2. Antenatal Care • Pregnancy Diagnosis (Ultrasonographic) • at day 15 • At day 30 for twining • At day 60 if needed • History of previous abortion • May need Progesterone • Round the clock supervision near term • What are the signs at term? • Without disturbing the mare

  3. Sings of Dystocia • Prolonged 1st stage of labor • Straining without any progress • Presence of abnormal combination of extremities at vulva • Any abnormal vaginal discharge or odor

  4. Dystocia • 4% of thoroughbred • Presentations • 99% Anterior • 0.9% Posterior • 0.1% transverse • Change in the Position: • During gestation fetus lies in the uterus in ventral position • Fetus rotates into dorsal position in the 1st stage of labor

  5. Causes of Dystocia • Uterine inertia • Primary (voluntary suppression) • Left alone • Secondary (fetal malposture) • Correct posture • Failure of Abdominal expulsive forces • Ventral hernia • Rupture of prepubic tendon

  6. Causes Cont. • Bony or soft tissue Obstruction • Fractures, vaginal carcinoma or melanomas • Torsion of the uterus • Rolling • Cesarean • Fetopelvic disproportion • Seldom occur • Fetal monsters

  7. Fetal Maldisposition • Specific factors: • Longer extremities • Violent expulsive efforts • Bicornual pregnancy • Most common fetal postural problems • Lateral deviation of head or Wry neck • Treated as in the case of cattle

  8. Correction of Fetal Posture • Relatively constricted birth canal limit the excess to the fetus • Identification of the posture • Standing posture is the best • Correction • Manually can be used to limited extend • Fetotomy • Cesarean if the fetus is alive and in the uterus • Epidural could be used more often

  9. Malpostures • Lateral deviation of head • Elbow flexion • Retention of limb • Dog sitting position • Incomplete Elbow extension (how to identify it?) • Downward deviation of head • Shoulder flexion • Carpel flexion • Hip flexion • Hock flexion

  10. In: Recent Advances in Equine Reproduction, B. A. Ball (Ed.) • Publisher: International Veterinary Information Service (www.ivis.org), Ithaca, New York, USA. • Obstetrics ( 18-May-2001 ) • G. S. Frazer • Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

  11. Questions • Why mare’s dystocia demands more urgency to handle? • Why to tear the chorion quickly in mare before handling the case? • Why there could be more chances of positional disorders? • How can attendant reduce the straining in dystocia mare? And why is it important to reduce the straining before handling of dystocia? • How can we correct positional disorders? • Do you think foal can be born easily in both dorsal or dorso-ilac position • Justify your answer • Why acute hypcalcemia and mastitis are uncommon in mare? • How can one check that newly born foal is alive or dead?

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