INDIA

Slide 1:INDIA

After 50 YEARS

Slide 2:Midnight�s Children

I was born in the city of Bombay�once upon a time. No, that won�t do, there�s no getting away from the date: I was born in Dr. Narlikar�s Nursing Home on August 15, 1947. And the time? The time matters too. Well then: at night. No, it is important to be more�On the stroke of midnight, as a matter of fact. Clock-hands joined palms in respectful greeting as I came. Oh, spell it out, spell it out: at the precise instant of India�s arrival at independence. Salman Rushdie

Slide 4:Major Rivers

Ganges Yamuna (Jumna) Brahmaputra Narmada Mahanadi Godavari Kaveri

Slide 5:INDIA�S GEOGRAPHY

Himalayas Eastern Ghats Western Ghats Thar Desert Plain of North India Hill Lands of Peninsular India

Slide 6:Climate

Rectangles: Tropical Savanna. Circle: Humid Subtropical Triangle: Steppe & Desert

Slide 7:Tropical Savanna

Characterized by high temperatures year round. Has well defined dry season. Natural vegetation: deciduous forest of trees Also may have tall coarse grasses.

Slide 8:Humid Subtropical

Warm to hot summers. Mild or cool winters with some frost. Frost free season lasting 200 days or more. Annual precip. 30 to 50 inches. Natural vegetation: evergreen hardwoods, deciduous hardwoods, and conifers.

Slide 9:Steppe & Desert

Steppe: semi arid; dominant vegetation is grass. Desert: Dry; usually receives less than 10 inches of precip. per year.

Slide 10:India�s Population

Second largest population in the world 1 billion One out of every 6 people lives in India Population growing at the rate of 1.9% per year 16% of world�s total population

Slide 11:India�s Population Future

2025 population could reach 1.4 billion Could overtake China and become the most populous nation

Slide 13:Factors Affecting Population Growth

Availability and acceptability of contraceptives and health services for women and children Cultural preference for sons Education status of women Infant mortality rate

Slide 15:CONTROLLING POPULATION

1959 announced a policy to lower the birth rate Clinics Family planning

Slide 16:POVERTY

30-40% of the population live in poverty 4 out of 5 of India�s poor live in rural areas

Slide 18:Urban Life

Three of the world�s largest cities are in India Bombay, Calcutta, New Delhi Indians are migrating to the cities in search of jobs and a better life. Overcrowding is a problem for public transportation systems. Air pollution is a serious problem Most serious environmental problem and threat to public health is inadequate access to clean water and sanitation

Slide 19:ETHNIC DIVISIONS

Indo-Aryan 72% Dravidian 25% Mongoloid and other 3%

Slide 20:Religions

Hindu 80% Muslim 14% Christian 2.4% Sikh 2% Buddhist 0.7% Jains 0.5% Other 0.4%

Slide 21:Common Languages

Hindi Assamese (Assam) Bengali (West Bengal and Bangla Desh) Gujarati (Gujarat) Kannada (Karnataka) Kashmiri (Jammu and Kashmir) Konkani (Konkan region) Malayalam (Kerala) Marathi (Maharashtra) Oriya (Orissa) Punjabi (Punjab) Sanskrit (Classical) Sindhi (North-west frontier) Tamil (Tamil Nadu) Telugu (Andhra Pradesh) Urdu (Jammu and Kashmir)

Slide 22:Language Facts

Hindi - Official language (30%) English - Official working language 15 national languages recognized by the Indian constitiution Languages spoken in over 1600 dialects Most Indians speak more than one language

Slide 23:CULTURE

Creative Arts Sculpture, Architecture, Painting Classical Dances Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Kathak, Manipuri Traditional Crafts Traditional Literature Fiction, Epics

Slide 24:India

Economy

Slide 25:India - Total Land Use

55% = Arable Land 23% = Forest 4% = Meadows and Pastures 1% = Permanent Crops 17% = Other

Slide 26:Agriculture

Agriculture makes up 35% of India's National income. Chief Summer Crops are Rice and Millet. Chief Winter Crops are Wheat and Pulses. Other Crops are: oilseed, cotton, jute, cattle, tea, sugarcane, potatoes, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry, and fish.

Slide 27:How India Makes Money

Exports $29.96 Billion (1995). Cotton Goods, Iron, Raw Jute, Coffee, Electrical Goods, Leather, and Handicrafts. Imports 33.5 Billion (1995). Diamonds, Cereals, Copper, Zinc, and Petroleum.

Slide 28:Village Farming

There are approximately 600,000 villages. 65% of the population lives in villages. Most of the villages use animal power for plowing. Villages use irrigation because small rivers run dry in the summer.

Slide 29:Industrial Policy

Light restrictions on capitol good imports. Developing an exchange rate for the Rupee. Imports of second hand goods is allowed. India has high skilled, low cost labor.

Slide 30:Industries

India ranks among the top ten industrial nations. There are 300,000 registered companies. The government runs railroads, automobile manufacturing and banks. Major Industries: Textiles, Chemicals, Food Processing, Steel, Transportation equipment, Cement, Mining, Petroleum, and Machinery

Slide 31:Change In Indian Life

Arundathi Roy, winner of the Booker Prize says, �In the last three years television has changed India like nothing else has. It has introduced a commercial greedy culture. If you come into a country and say �you must consume more� when people do not even have enough to live on, you are injecting greed into a culture which was not previously greedy. Before television there was an absence of greed. There has always been great poverty in India, but it was poverty without greediness.

Slide 32:FACTS ABOUT INDIA

India has become one of the top five industralised nations in the world India has the least adequate telephone system of any of the industrializing countries Three of every four villages have no telephone service Only 5% of India�s villages have long-distance service Dress: Men in the North wear a loose type of pyjama and kurta (shirt); Men in the South and East use dhotis Women wear the sari: the way it is worn varies from region to region Common form of greeting: �Namaste� both hands are joined and raised in greeting Women do not generally shake hands.

Slide 33:INDIA�S STORY

The Indus Valley Civilization Aryans and the Vedic Age Rise of Religions and Emergence of the State The Gupta Age The Southern Kingdom The Muslim Invasions The Marathas Coming of the Europeans The Struggle for Independence The New State

Slide 34:CUISINE

Hindu and Muslim religious traditions have had the most influence on cuisine Essence of Indian cooking is in the appropriate use of aromatic spices Main ingredients: milk products (ghee), curd (dahi), lentils (dals), rice, vegetables

Slide 35:Typical North-Indian Meal

Cahpatis or Rotis Parathas Rice Assortment of accessories: Dals, fried vegetables, curries, curd, chutney, and pickles Dessert: Rasagulla, snadesh, rasamalai, gulab- jamuns, kheer, shahi tukra, kulfi

Slide 36:Typical South-Indian Meal

Rice Sambhar Rasam Dry and curried vegetables Pachadi Coconut Dosa, Idli, Vada, Dal Dessert: Pak or Payasum