This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology:

1. This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology: 3.a – Analyze, review, and critique scientific explanations 3.e – Evaluate models according to their adequacy in representing biological objects or events 4.a – Identify the parts of a cell 4.b – Investigate and identify cellular processes 5.a – Compare cells from different parts of plants 9.a – Compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids 9.b – Compare the energy flow in photosynthesis to the energy flow in cellular respiration

2. 9.c – Investigate and identify the effects of enzymes on food molecules 10.a – Interpret the functions of systems in organisms 10.b – Compare the interrelationship of organ systems to each other and to the body as a whole 11.c – Analyze the importance of nutrition, environmental conditions, and physical exercise on health

3. Today’s LessonEating Disorders and the Digestive System

4. Humans are biological machines, made out of about 2 million types of proteins and running on the energy of ATP converted from glucose and fats

5. Major Parts of the Machine Based on: Starr, C. Biology: Concepts and Applications, Brooks/Cole food, water intake oxygen intake elimination of carbon dioxide Digestive System Respiratory System nutrients, water, salts oxygen carbon dioxide Circulatory System Urinary System water solutes elimination of food residues rapid transport to and from all living cells elimination of excess water salts, wastes

6. Overview of Lesson • ATP and cellular respiration • Food molecules • Getting food to the cells • Digestive process • Anorexia, bulimia, binge eating

7. Cellular Respiration(in mitochondria of cells)C6H12O6(energy) + O2 + ADP + PATP (energy) + CO2 + H2O

8. All cells have mitochondria for cellular respiration and production of ATP Based on: Mader, S. Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

9. Energy for contraction of muscle is supplied by ATP Based on: Mader, S. Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

10. Summary of ATP-ADP cycle Muscle contraction uses ATP A-P-P-P A-P-P P ATP is a high energy molecule ADP is a low energy molecule Cellular respiration in mitochondria converts ADP back to ATP

11. Overview of Lesson • ATP and cellular respiration • Food molecules • Getting food to the cells • Digestive process • Anorexia, bulimia, binge eating

12. Three Types of Food Molecules • Protein - chains of amino acids • Fat - glycerol bonded to three fatty • acids • Carbohydrates – individual or chains • of simple sugar units

13. Protein Synthesis Based on: Mader, S. Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

14. Fat Synthesis Based on: Mader, S. Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

15. Disaccharide Synthesis Maltose Based on: Mader, S. Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

16. Polysaccharide Synthesis Starch Based on: Mader, S. Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

17. Polysaccharide Synthesis Glycogen Based on: Mader, S. Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

18. Polysaccharide Synthesis Cellulose Based on: Mader, S. Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill Humans do not produce an enzyme to digest cellulose

19. Overview of Lesson • ATP and cellular respiration • Food molecules • Getting food to the cells • Digestive process • Anorexia, bulimia, binge eating

20. Digestive System Based on: Mader, S. Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

21. Food Digestive Tract • Oral cavity • Pharynx • Esophagus • Stomach • Small intestine • Large intestine • Rectum • Anus Digested food molecules Hepatic Portal Vein Based on: Mader, S. Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill Liver Waste Circulatory System Body Cells

22. Absorption of Food Molecules Based on Raven et al., Biology, McGraw-Hill Food molecules must be small enough to move into capillaries

23. Circulatory System Digested food molecules move from the small intestine into the blood and then to the liver. From the liver the molecules go into the circulatory system to travel to the heart and then the body cells. Based on: Mader, S. Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

24. Capillary System Arterial End Venous End Based on: Biology: Campbell, et al., Concepts and Connections, Benjamin Cummings

25. Capillary System Arterial End Venous End Based on: Mader, S. Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

26. Why would the body cells need glucose and oxygen? Why would the body cells need amino acids? Cellular Needs

27. Overview of Lesson • ATP and cellular respiration • Food molecules • Getting food to the cells • Digestive process • Anorexia, bulimia, binge eating

28. Digestive System Mouth Salivary Glands Esophagus Stomach Gastric Glands Pancreas Liver Small Intestine Small Intestine Large Intestine

29. Accessory Structures Salivary glands produces amylase Gastric glands produce HCl and pepsin Pancreas produces amylase, trypsin, lipase Liver produces bile Small intestine produces maltase and peptidase

30. Digestion of Protein Mechanical but no digestion of protein HCl and Pepsin from gastric glands converts some protein into shorter polypeptides Trypsin from pancreas converts remaining protein into shorter polypeptides Amino acids Peptidase from small intestine converts short polypeptides into amino acids

31. Digestion of Fat No digestion of fat No digestion of fat Bile from liver emulsifies fat to fat droplets Fatty acids & glycerol Lipase from pancreas converts fat droplets to fatty acids and glycerol

32. Digestion of Starch Amylase from salivary glands converts some starch to maltose No digestion of starch Amylase from pancreas converts starch to maltose Glucose Maltase from small intestine converts maltose to glucose

33. Overview of Lesson • ATP and cellular respiration • Food molecules • Getting food to the cells • Digestive process • Anorexia, bulimia, binge eating

34. Anorexia nervosa- inappropriate body image leading to a deprivation of the body of nutrients by refusal to eatBulimia nervosa- compulsive eating binges followed by prevention of weight gainBinge eating- uncontrolled eating oflarge amount of food in a short time, 2x weekly, no purging 3 Eating Disorders

35. 1st National Survey 2007 Anorexia 0.9% women, 0.3% menBulimia 1.5% women 0.5% menNewly recognized, first stats:Binge eating 3.5% women, 2% menRelated to other addictive disorders and obesity, BMI > 40, genetic linkLess than half received treatment

36. Digestive System Mouth Esophagus Stomach Anorexia & bulimia interfere with movement of food molecules into the blood X Small Intestine molecules X Large Intestine

37. Dangers of Eating Disorders • Affect up to 10 million Americans • 90% of eating disorders occur in girls or women, adolescence, mid age • These do occur in men • Anorexia highest death rate of any psychological disorder • Without treatment, 20% of anorexia cases result in death • Kills 1000s of Americans each year

38. Dangers of Binge Eating • Links to obesity, severe obesity • Health issues associated with obesity • Toll on social life • Psychological toll • Treatment psychological, medications, surgical procedures • Public health issue, obesity epidemic

39. Question: What causes eating disorders?

40. Question: Why is anorexia so deadly?

41. Question: What are the warning signs of anorexia and bulimia?

42. Men and women can lead normal lives if treated for eating disorders

43. Next Lesson Alcohol’s Effects on the Heart and Liver

44. Cellular Respiration(in mitochondria of cells)C6H12O6(energy) + O2 + ADP + PATP (energy) + CO2 + H2O

45. What are proteins made of? Proteins are coiled chains of amino acids, usually a few hundred amino acids long AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA Back