A Brief History of the Birth Control Movement in the United States

1. A Brief History of the Birth Control Movement in the United States 1837 Charles Goodyear vulcanizes rubber 1848 process patented to manufacture hollow rubber articles Charles Goodyear

2. A Brief History of the Birth Control Movement in the United States 1860s •“Purity Movement” develops in US •New York Society for Suppression of Vice - President Anthony Comstock 1873 •Comstock Act passed by Congress

3. 1883 Margaret Higgins (Sanger) born in Corning, NY 1900 Margaret marries William Sanger 1912-13 Margaret Sanger involved in textile workers strikes

4. A Brief History of the Birth Control Movement in the United States Sanger 1914 Margaret Sanger founds National Birth Control League -publishes The Woman Rebel, Family Limitation -charged with violation of Comstock Act -flees to Europe Ellis

5. 1915 • With financial help from Henry Havlock Ellis, Margaret Sanger continues to publish Family Limitation from abroad -10 million copies in circulation • Comstock poses as desperate husband to William Sanger • William mails him copy of Family Limitation • William arrested, refuses to give over information about Margaret

6. 1916-1917 • William goes to trial • NY Times publishes letters from Comstock • Comstock dies • Margaret returns to open the first birth control clinic in US • Clinic closed after 30 days • Margaret sues to re-open clinic

7. Margaret Sanger is shown with admiring supporters as she left Brooklyn Court of Special Sessions after her arraignment, January 4, 1917.

8. A Brief History of the Birth Control Movement in the United States 1918 •Physicians given right to prescribe contraceptives 1926 • Sanger is a prime organizer of the first World Population Conference in Geneva

9. A Brief History of the Birth Control Movement in the United States -1937 • In U.S. v. One Package of Japanese Pessaries, court found that birth control could be no longer classified as obscene. • AMA recognizes birth control as a part of medical service

10. A Brief History of the Birth Control Movement in the United States 1942 Margaret Sanger founds Birth Control Federation of America -later changes name to Planned Parenthood

11. A Brief History of the Birth Control Movement in the United States 1947 AMA American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology refuses to publish article on IUDs 1948 Planned Parenthood awards a small grant to Gregory Pincus, a research biologist to study the possible development of a birth control pill

12. A Brief History of the Birth Control Movement in the United States 1960s “The Pill” available in US 1965 In Griswold v. Connecticut Supreme Court invalidates state laws prohibiting physicians from providing contraception advice -upholds right to privacy Dr. G. Pincus

13. 1970 Congress passes Title X Family Planning Program to ensure that the uninsured working poor women and teens who are not eligible for Medicaid have access to family planning and other reproductive health care services.

14. Inflation-adjusted Title X funding has decreased 60% since 1980 Table 14, p. 47

15. Title X Funding since 1999

16. . . . but few are covered by Medicaid Most clients of Title X-supported clinics are poor . . . Female clients of Title X-supported clinics (4.2 million) Table 11, p. 46

17. Health departments run most Title X-supported clinics Clinics with Title X funding (4,300) Table 12, p. 46

18. . . . account for roughly half of all unintended pregnancies The small proportion of women who do not use contraceptives . . . Women at risk of unintended pregnancy (42 million) Women experiencing unintended pregnancies (3 million) Table 4, p. 44

19. In the summer of 2008 the Bush administration proposed new guidelines that would define birth control as a form of abortion. Many believe that such guidelines would virtually eliminate all Federal funds to agencies that provide family planning services.