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1. Troubled SkiesTroubled Waters What are the effects of acid rain in the metropolitan New York area…New York City, Brooklyn, and Ridgefield, Connecticut? How does the rain in each area have an impact on the health of a lake (marine ecosystem)?
3. Eco Thought
4. Winds Carry Gases 105 Miles from the power plant….
5. Sulfur and nitrogen oxide enter the atmosphere and team up with H2O to produce: sulfuric and nitric acid
6. “Acid Rain” falls on these lakes:
8. Is “Acid Rain” Only Wet?
9. The “IMPACT” OF ……..
10.
11. Procedure
12. Procedure…….(cont.) With access to 3 lakes… New York City, Brooklyn, and Ridgefield, Connecticut
Collect 3 (1 liter) samples from each lake…using a closable container to scoop the water from the surface…
Repeat the procedure in each lake…keeping the collection process consistent
Cap each collection sample and label
Return with samples to home lab
13. Procedure…(cont.) Set up the “plankton collection net”
Pour water out of each 1 liter container …using the 3 samples collected for each lake
Establish the pH of each lake
Completing the collection process, after the water from Lake 1 is processed, (collection tube is filled with plankton) distribute the contents into 3 (100ml) beakers…top off with distilled water if needed …to reach top of beaker
Repeat process on water from Lake 2 & 3
14. Procedure (cont.) There are now 9 samples of plankton filled water ( 3 from each lake)
Using a pipette to put a .1 ml drop of each sample on a slide after gently stirring the water…cover with cover slip…and put
Under a compound microscope
Using a plankton identification guide
Count and score each algae identified using the Palmer Pollution Index
15. Procedure
16. Needed for Plankton Identification
17. Palmer Pollution Index
19. Palmer Scores……Palmer, C. Mervin. 1969. A composite rating of algae tolerating organic pollution. Journal of Phycology. 5 (1): 78-82
21. Precipitation Samples & pH Levels
22. 3 Lakes….3 pH Levels
29. If I were to do this experiment again:
38. Works Cited Books
Boyle, Robert H. Acid Rain, New York: Random House, April, 1993
Dashefsky, H. Environmental Science. New York: McGraw-Hill,1994
Edmonds, Alex. A Closer Look At Acid Rain, Brookfield, Ct.: Copper
Beech Books, l997
Luoma, Jon. Troubled Skies, Troubled Waters: The Story of Acid Rain.
New York: Viking Press (Adult), January, 1984
Morgan, S. Acid Rain, Boston: Grolier Publishing, 1999
Parks, Peggy, J. Acid Rain, Farmington, Michigan: Kid Haven Press,
May, 2006
Tyson, Peter, Acid Rain-Earth At Risk, New York: Chelsea House
Publications, February, l992
Encyclopedia
Banister, Keith. Campbell, Andrew, “Drifters and Wanderers…The
Ecology of Plankton.” The Encyclopedia of Aquatic Life, 1985.
39. Works Cited (cont.) Journals
Cairns, J., “Algae as Indicators of Environmental Change”, Journal of
Applied Phycology, vol. 6, Numbers 5-6, December, l994.
Jafari, N. G. “Assessment of a freshwater pollution index using Palmer
And Niggard’s indices with special reference to phytoplankton”,
International Journal on Algae, vol. 8, Issue 2, 2006.
Palmer, Mervin. “A composite rating of algae tolerating organic
Pollution”, Journal of Phycology and International Journal of
Algal Research, vol. 5, Issue 1, March, 1969.
40. Works Cited (cont.) Magazine Articles
Bono, “Al Gore, The Former Vice President, now a Nobel laureate,
has become America’s environmental conscience”, Time Jan.
2008, 96-98.
Scherer, Glenn, “The Ecology of Trail Lands, Part 3: A Dirty, Deadly, Rain is a Fallin’…Air Pollution Over American Trails, American Hiker: October 10, 2000
Studies
Boylen, Sutherland, Bloomfield, “Phytoplankton Species vs pH”, The
Adirondack Effects Assessment Program, Polytechnic Institute &
Bureau of Watershed Assessment, May, l992.
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, “Acid Rain…sources and
Effects in Connecticut, New Haven: January, 1983.
Howard, H. H. Phytoplankton Studies of Adirondack Mountain Lakes,
Skidmore College, Saratoga, Springs, N.Y: October, 1968.
Sexton, M. Comparative Lake Study of 5 Lakes in the Adirondack
Region, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, August, 1995.
41. Works Cited (cont.) Website or Webpage
Algaebase (culture collection of algae and protozoa), January, 2008
www.algaebase.org
Environment Canada, Acid Rain FAQ,
http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/msc/as/acidfaq.html
Environment Canada, Acid Rain and the Facts, www.ec.gc.ca
Environmental Education & Outdoor Monitoring Products, What are
you testing? http://www.lamotte.com/pages/edu/project.html
Plankton Net…Project: Make Your Own Plankton Net:
http:www.biosci.ohiou.edu/faculty/currie/ocean/makeanet.htm