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Comparison of Herbicides, Fabric Discs and Mulches for Preventing Weeds in Nursery Containers

Comparison of Herbicides, Fabric Discs and Mulches for Preventing Weeds in Nursery Containers. TIM ABBEY and TODD MERVOSH The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station - Windsor, CT. BACKGROUND. USDA Northeast Regional IPM Project (1998-2000):

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Comparison of Herbicides, Fabric Discs and Mulches for Preventing Weeds in Nursery Containers

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  1. Comparison of Herbicides, Fabric Discs and Mulches for Preventing Weeds in Nursery Containers TIM ABBEY and TODD MERVOSH The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station - Windsor, CT

  2. BACKGROUND USDA Northeast Regional IPM Project (1998-2000): Non-chemical weed management options for container-grown woody ornamentals. - Fabric discs (Geodiscs) - Mulches (Pine Bark, Cocoa Hull), Corn Gluten Meal

  3. Experiment Sites Site A.CAES Valley Lab (Windsor, CT): • Azalea (Rhod. ‘Girard’s Pleasant White) • Winterberry Holly (Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’) Plants provided by Planters’ Choice Nursery Site B.Summer Hill Nursery (Rockland, CT): • Azalea (Rhod. poukhanense ‘Compacta’) • Winterberry Holly (Ilex verticillata ‘Red Sprite’) Plants provided by Summer Hill Nursery All plants newly potted in 2-gallon containers.

  4. TREATMENTS 1. UNTREATED CHECK 2. GRANULAR HERBICIDE: Ornamental Herbicide 2 (100 lb/A) Oxyfluorfen (2 lb/A) + Pendimethalin (1 lb/A) 3. SPRAYABLE HERBICIDE: I.Gallery 75DF (1 lb/A) + Pendulum 60DG (5 lb/A) Isoxaben (0.75 lb/A) + Pendimethalin (3 lb/A) II. Gallery 75DF (1 lb/A) + Surflan AS (2 qt/A) Isoxaben (0.75 lb/A) + Oryzalin (2 lb/A)

  5. TREATMENTS 4. FABRIC DISC (GEODISC): 9” diameter 5.PINE BARK MULCH: 1” layer 6.COCOA HULL MULCH: 3/4” layer 7.CORN GLUTEN MEAL: 650 lb/A (3.0 g / pot) Weed seed sown over potting mix surface prior to first treatment application in 1998: Windsor - Common Groundselseed Madison - Birdseye Pearlwortseed

  6. TREATMENT APPLICATIONS 1998 Mid MAY- Applied All Treatments Mid AUGUST-Reapplied Herbicides & C.G.M. 1999 Mid APRIL, Early JULY, Early OCTOBER - Applied Herbicides & C.G.M. Weeds Present (counted & removed at each rating): Windsor - Groundsel, Bittercress, Oxalis, Horseweed Madison - Red Maple seedlings, Pearlwort

  7. STATISTICAL ANALYSES • Analysis of Variance conducted • Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (Fishers LSD, p=0.05). • Vigor – no transformation • Weed Counts – square root transformation • Percent Cover – arcsine transformation

  8. RESULTS:PLANT VIGOR

  9. AZALEA Vigor (0-10): Windsor 1998 a a a a a ab ab b a b a a a a a a

  10. ILEX Vigor (0-10): Windsor 1998 a a a ab ab bc bc c a b a a a a a a

  11. AZALEA Vigor (0-10): Windsor 1999 a a a a a a a b a b a a a a a a

  12. ILEX Vigor (0-10): Windsor 1999 a a a a a a a b ab ab ab ab b c a a

  13. AZALEA & ILEX Vigor: Windsor 2000 a a a a a a a a a b a a a a a a

  14. AZALEA Vigor (0-10): Madison 1998 a a a ab ab b c c a b a a a a a a

  15. ILEX Vigor (0-10): Madison 1998 a a a ab abc bc c c ab ab ab a a b a a

  16. Madison site – 1999 • Several azaleas were discarded by nursery personnel during 1999. Thus, plant vigor data in 1999 at the Madison site has not been presented. • Many discarded azaleas that had died were ones that had been fitted with Geodiscs. • An explanation for the death of these plants could not be determined.

  17. RESULTS:WEED CONTROL

  18. GROUNDSEL (per pot): Windsor 1998 a b cd c d e e e

  19. TOTAL WEEDS (per pot): Windsor 1998 a b b b bc cd d d

  20. TOTAL WEEDS (per pot): Windsor 1998 a a ab ab bc c c c

  21. TOTAL WEEDS (per pot): Windsor 1999 a a ab ab bc c c c

  22. TOTAL WEEDS (per pot): Windsor 1999 a ab bc de cd e cd e

  23. TOTAL WEEDS (per pot): Windsor 2000 a a a ab b c cd cd d

  24. RED MAPLE Seedlings: Madison 1998 a a b b c c c c

  25. PEARLWORT (% Area): Madison 1998 a b c d d d d d

  26. PEARLWORT (% Area): Madison 1999 a a b b b b b b

  27. WEED PREVENTION:1999 SUMMARY OH-2Very Good Gallery + SurflanGood GeodiscsExcellent Pine Bark mulchFair Cocoa Hull mulchFair Corn Gluten MealPoor

  28. SUMMARY - EFFECTS ON PLANTS • OH-2:Minor Injury to Winterberry • Gallery + Pendulum: Injured Azalea, Winterberry (esp. at Windsor) • Geodiscs:Excellent Plant Vigor (except Azalea at Summer Hill late in 2nd year) • Pine Bark Mulch:Good Plant Vigor • Cocoa Hull Mulch:Generally Good Plant Vigor • Corn Gluten Meal:Excellent Plant Vigor

  29. GEODISC FABRIC DISCS • Provided comparable or superior weed prevention than standard herbicide treatments in containers. • Ideal for single-stem plants that are sensitive to herbicides (hydrangeas, EACs, etc.). • Stayed intact for at least 2 years - Reusable? Potential Limitations: • Expensive for large-scale use • Need proper fit in containers, blow-out potential • Death of azaleas at one of two sites… Explanation?

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