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Teaching Oral Communication

Teaching Oral Communication. Speaking. Listening. Rhodalyne Gallo-Crail rgallocrail@niu.edu COTSEAL Workshop University of California, LA, CA. Presentation Outline. Issues in Teaching Oral Communication Listening Approaches Speaking Approaches

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Teaching Oral Communication

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  1. Teaching Oral Communication Speaking Listening Rhodalyne Gallo-Crailrgallocrail@niu.edu COTSEAL Workshop University of California, LA, CA

  2. Presentation Outline • Issues in Teaching Oral Communication • Listening Approaches • Speaking Approaches • Principles in Designing Listening and Speaking • Strategies and Activities • Assessment

  3. Issues in Teaching Oral Communication • The Place of Pronunciation • Accuracy and Fluency • Affective Factors • The Interaction Effect • The Role of Listening

  4. Approaches that Promote Listening • Total Physical Response (TPR) worked by James Asher (1977) which gives emphasis to comprehension where students were given ample amount of language to listen before they were encourage to respond orally.

  5. The Natural Approach also recommended a significant silent period • Stephen Krashen (1982) emphasized the importance of “comprehensible input”. • Other studies also showed the importance of training students to use different cognitive strategies to process the input. These strategies may include the following: • Retention • Feedback • Interaction

  6. Principles for Designing Listening and Speaking Techniques (Brown, 1994) • Techniques should cover the spectrum of learner needs from language based focus on accuracy to message-based focus on interaction, meaning and fluency

  7. Techniques should be intrinsically motivating • Techniques should utilize authentic language and contexts

  8. Provide appropriate feedback and correction • Capitalize on the natural link between speaking and listening • Give students opportunities to initiate oral communication • Encourage the development of listening and speaking strategies

  9. Listening Strategies • Looking for key words • looking for nonverbal cues to meaning • predicting a speaker’s purpose by the context of the spoken discourse • associating information with one’s existing cognitive

  10. TYPES of Classroom Listening Performance • Reactive • Intensive • Responsive • Selective • Extensive • Interactive

  11. Speaking Strategies • Asking for clarification • Asking someone to repeat something • Using fillers and conversation maintenance cues • Getting someone’s attention

  12. Using paraphrases for structures one can’t produce • Appealing for assistance • Using formulaic expressions • Using mime and one-verbal expression

  13. TYPES OF SPOKEN LANGUAGE (Nunan, 1991) • Monologue (planned and unplanned) • storytelling • news broadcast • readings (short stories, poems, etc.) • Dialogue (Interpersonal and Transactional)

  14. Types of Dialogues •  Scripted Dialogue • Semi-Scripted • Using Picture Cues to present scenario for dialog • Discourse Chain

  15. Scripted Dialog ALING TOYANG: Hoy, Mila kumusta ka na? Matagal na tayong hindi nagkita. MILA: Oo nga, lumipat na kasi kami ng bahay. ALING TOYANG: Saan? MILA: Doon sa bayan ng San Juan. ALING TOYANG: Talaga, may mga pinsan ako sa San Juan. Ibigay mo sa akin ang address mo para pagpunta ko, mabisita na rin kita. MILA: O’ Sige, doon ako sa 188 kalye San Jose. Malapit  sa munisipyo at istasyon ng pulis. ALING TOYANG: Parang hindi naman mahirap hanapin ang bahay mo. Magtatanong na lang ako. MILA: Aasahan ko ang pagdalaw mo.

  16. ALING TOYANG: Hoy, Mila _______? Matagal na tayong hindi nagkita. MILA: Oo nga, lumipat na kasi kami ng ______. ALING TOYANG: Saan? MILA: Doon sa ___________. ALING TOYANG: Talaga, may ______ ako sa San Juan. Ibigay mo sa akin ang _____ mo para pagpunta ko, mabisita na rin kita. MILA: O’ Sige, doon ako sa _______. Malapit  sa munisipyo at istasyon ng ______. ALING TOYANG: Parang hindi naman mahirap hanapin ang ______. Magtatanong na lang ako. MILA: Aasahan ko ang _________ mo. Semi-Scripted Dialogue

  17. Using Picture Cues

  18. Discourse Chain Son Mother send your son to the store Tell mother you will go buy what she needs Greet the store keeper. Tell her/him what you want to buy, ask how much. Pay her and say goodbye. Store Keeper Tell what you have and how much

  19. Techniques for Teaching Oral Communications • Pronunciation • Stress, Intonation, Pitch, • Grammar • Discourse (Speaking and Listening) • Interactive Techniques • Interviews, Guessing Games, Discussions, Roleplay, Simulations, Problem Solving Activities • Individual Practice (Oral Dialogue Journal)

  20. ASSESSMENT • Activity-Based • Oral Interviews • Recorded journals

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