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The Atom

The Atom. How big is an Atom?. The average size atom (Al) is about 0.00000003 cm. It would take a stack of 50,000 aluminum atoms to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum foil. That’s Small!!!!. What’s Inside an Atom?.

MikeCarlo
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The Atom

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  1. The Atom

  2. How big is an Atom? • The average size atom (Al) is about 0.00000003 cm. • It would take a stack of 50,000 aluminum atoms to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum foil. • That’s Small!!!!

  3. What’s Inside an Atom? • An atom is made up of a team of three players: protons, neutrons, and electrons • They each have a charge, mass, and a location

  4. Protons... • Charge: positive • Mass: 1 amu (atomic mass unit) • Location: Nucleus

  5. Neutrons... • Charge: none • Mass: 1 amu (atomic mass unit) • Location: Nucleus

  6. Electrons... • Charge: negative • Mass: almost zero • Location: electron clouds

  7. Electrons vs Protons • The electron’s negative charge is the same size as a proton’s positive charge. • They cancel each other out: • +1 -1 = 0 • Atoms like to have 0 charge.

  8. Questions... • What particles are in the nucleus? • Explain why atoms are neutral. • Why do scientists say that most of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus?

  9. How Do Atoms of Different Elements Differ? • Lets compare a Hydrogen atom and a Helium atom…

  10. Hydrogen... • Draw one proton. • Draw a circle around the proton. • Place one electron on the circle. • You have just created a hydrogen atom! • Hydrogen has no neutrons.

  11. Helium • Draw two protons and two neutrons all together. • Draw an electron orbit around them. • Place two electrons on the orbit. • You have just created a helium atom!!!

  12. What is different? • The two different elements have different numbers of electrons, protons, and neutrons. • OK...

  13. Are all atoms of an element the same? • Draw another Hydrogen atom, but this time add a neutron. • It is still Hydrogen because it has only one proton, but it has more mass in the nucleus. • It is called an isotope.

  14. What is an Isotope? • Isotope - atoms that have the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons. • Some isotopes are radioactive. • Otherwise they are mostly the same as the regular atom.

  15. How can you tell one isotope from another? • By their mass numbers. • mass number = protons + neutrons. • Different isotopes will have different mass numbers because they have different numbers of neutrons.

  16. Let’s see... • Hydrogen-1 has 1 proton and 0 neutrons. • Mass Number = 1 • Hydrogen-2 has 1 proton and 1 neutron. • Mass Number = 2

  17. Questions… • List the charge, location, and mass of each particle. • Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in aluminum-27.

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