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Biopolymer micro and nanocomposites: modification of interphases

Biopolymer micro and nanocomposites: modification of interphases.

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Biopolymer micro and nanocomposites: modification of interphases

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  1. Biopolymer micro and nanocomposites: modification of interphases Dr Katherine Dean, S. Petinakis, C. Way, A. Scully, M. Do, P. Sangwan, L. Yu, X. Zhang, DY. Wu, E. Palombo, G. EdwardCSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Gate 5 Normanby Rd, Clayton, 3168, Australia, Swinburne University Melbourne Australia, Monash University Melbourne Australia Rome 16th April 2009

  2. CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) Australia • Australia’s national research organisation (similar to CNRS in some respects) • multidisciplinary (materials - polymer, ceramics, metals, plant industries, entomology, sustainable ecosystems, bushfire research) • Sites all over Australia and around 6000 staff • Our site is located in Melbourne, Victoria • Dedicated program to sustainable polymer materials with around 50 research scientists engineers, PhD and postdocs

  3. Polymer classes • Biodegradable and renewable • From a renewable resource (corn, wheat, soy etc) • 100% biodegradable and compostable • Biodegradable and non-renewable • From a petrochemical resource • 100% biodegradable and compostable

  4. CSIRO polymer processing and design facilities • Extrusion • Single & twin screws, co-extrusion, foaming, sheet dies etc • Screw design • Reactive extrusion (liquid injection and multi gravimetric feeding) • Thermoforming • Scale-up from technologies developed in the laboratory • Film Blowing • Fibre Spinning • Characterization • mechanical and thermal properties, x-ray diffraction • permeability • Transmission electron microscopy • Scanning electron microscopy

  5. State-of-the-art biodegradation facilities (commissioned in 2007) • Used for commercial and strategic science projects • Fully automated matrix of bioreactors • Testing to Australian and European Standard AS 4736-2006 and EN 13432

  6. I/O O2 F T H T CO2 Respirometer schematic Humidifer (90%RH,23C) Flowmeter (0-1L/min) Waterbath + Bioreactor (58C, dark) (3L, dif plate) Condens. glassware Electronic Solenoid Flowmeter (0-1L/min) IR 02/CO2 (02<22% CO2<8%) Compressed Air Water 1 56 lines 1 Hardware interface (signals in + controls out) Computer + Labview (datalogger) (controller)

  7. Biopolymer structures Starch (amylose –linear and amylopectin –branched) polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA) Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)

  8. Biopolymer nanocompositesDean, Yu, Wu Comp. Sci. Tech 67(3-4) 413-421 2007 Dean, Do, Petinakis, Yu Comp. Sci. Tech. 68(6) 1453-1462 2008 • Using techniques which do not involve the use of high toxicity chemicals or agents   • strong ion dipole interactions and edge hydroxy interactions between starch and montmorillonite (MMT) clay • Interruption of recrystallization by MMT process increasing shelf-life of material

  9. Detail of possible interactions between clay platelets, water and poly(vinyl alcohol) 9.8Å* 17Å *Up to 12.77Å depending on the level of hydration

  10. Biopolymer nanocompositesDean,K., Pas,S., Yu,L., Ammala,A., Hill,A., and Wu,D.Y Accepted J Applied Polymer Sci (2009). PBSA: 5wt%unmodified clay PBSA: 5wt% Somasif MEE PBSA:5wt% Somasif MAE PBSA:5wt% Somasif MTE Tortuous path 60% reduction in oxygen permeability

  11. Bio-polymer nanocomposites - improvement in tensile modulus

  12. PLA Matrix/particle interface Matrix/particle interface PLA wood-flour wood-flour Biopolymer micro-composites compatibilising matrix and fibrePetinakis, Yu, Edward, Dean, Liu, Scully; submitted to Journal of Polymers and the Environment (2009). compatibiliser

  13. Biopolymer micro-composites compatibilising and biodegradation Way, Dean Wu et al publications planned for 2009 • Maple treated with • Glycidyloxy-propyl-trimethoxysilane (5%w/wt fibre) • Hydrolysed silanol groups forms bonds with the OH-maple or PLA • Acetic anhydride • Replace OH groups on maple to acetyl and make more hydrophobic (dispersion, stability, interface)

  14. Biodegradation in aerobic compost • ISO AS 14855 / ASTM D5338 (samples in compost at 58C, biodegradation via CO2 evolution) Plateau Degradation Lag

  15. Biopolymer micro-composites compatibilising and biodegradation Way, Dean Wu et al unpublished work 2009 • Biodegradation (compost) Reduced time to onset of biodegradation Greater % degradation

  16. Biopolymer micro-composites compatibilising and biodegradation Way, Dean Wu et al unpublished work

  17. Conclusions • Composites, nanocomposites and blends of biodegradable polymers have been prepared and studied. • range of chemical and physical interfacial modification methods. • superior improvements in a range of properties: • modulus • tensile strength • oxygen barrier • thermal properties. • Increased interest from industry in this field • Future work – biomimetics, utilising synchrotron science, developing high performance bio-based materials

  18. CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering Name Phil Casey Title Designed Polymer Interfaces Leader Phone ( +61 3 9545 2684) Email phil.casey@csiro.au CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering Name Stuart Bateman Position Research Scientist Sustainable Polymeric Materials Theme Leader Phone ( +61 3 9252 6128) Email stuart.bateman@csiro.au Thank You Contact CSIRO Phone 1300 363 400 +61 3 9545 2176 Email enquiries@csiro.au Web www.csiro.au CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering Name Katherine Dean Title Research Scientist Biopolymer Composites Stream Leader Phone ( +61 3 9545 2686) Email katherine.dean@csiro.au

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