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Class 5

Class 5. Focus on consumer reactions to advertising A communications model of advertising, based on IP model Helps to pull together the various concepts we’ve talked about Brief introduction, then case first, then lecture Effectiveness of different advertising techniques

Melvin
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Class 5

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  1. Class 5 • Focus on consumer reactions to advertising • A communications model of advertising, based on IP model • Helps to pull together the various concepts we’ve talked about • Brief introduction, then case first, then lecture • Effectiveness of different advertising techniques • How to measure advertising effectiveness • Advertising effectiveness: E-advertising • Consumer behavior on the internet

  2. Attitude and Memory discussion wraps up our coverage of the information processing model…

  3. Information Processing Model of CB Individual Consumer: Personality/Demogs Environmental Characteristics: Culture Selection: Exposure/ attention… Interpretation: Perception Attitudes: Like/Dislike Choice information beliefs Stimuli Memory/Prior Knowledge

  4. Model tell us how consumers react to any incoming information… • First, you get exposed to something • Then, you pay attention to it • Then, you create meaning from it • Interpretation • Then, you decide whether you like or dislike the object • Attitudes • And final stage is choice

  5. Another major use of the model… Advertisers have used it to create their own model for how advertising works…

  6. STEPS IN ADVERTISING MODEL EXPOSURE ATTENTION COMPREHENSION MESSAGE ACCEPTANCE RETENTION PURCHASE BEHAVIOR Selection Understanding the ad (Interpretation) Brand Attitude Ad memory If all works out, then you get purchase/choice… Note the similarity with IP model

  7. Advertising model a good application of information processing model… Puts together the different concepts we’ve talked about… So let’s discuss the advertising model in more detail

  8. Especially, how to measure advertising effectiveness….? There are effectiveness measures for each stage of the advertising model…

  9. STEPS IN ADVERTISING MODEL EXPOSURE ATTENTION COMPREHENSION MESSAGE ACCEPTANCE RETENTION PURCHASE BEHAVIOR EFFECTIVENESS TESTS?? Reach Brand Recognition; Brand recall Ad Beliefs: What do This may not you think the ad is always work! trying to say?

  10. “Every 10 to 15 years advertising gets a disease called entertainment. It is very bad, because the people who do it have absolutely no interest in selling anything. … In the end the entertainment gets in the way of the message” David Ogilvy

  11. So ad beliefs (comprehension) may not always reflect what the advertiser wants to convey… A more understandable ad…

  12. Reinforced by Message “12% of all Forbes readers travel First-class Only 4% of Economist readers do…”

  13. So the ad was easy to understand (comprehend…) Ad is trying to say: First-class passengers are more likely to read Forbes than Economist… Next step…. Message acceptance

  14. STEPS IN ADVERTISING MODEL EXPOSURE ATTENTION COMPREHENSION MESSAGE ACCEPTANCE RETENTION PURCHASE BEHAVIOR Understanding = Acceptance??

  15. Forbes Ad • Forbes would like customers to accept that first-class passengers are more likely to read Forbes than Economist • In first-class: Forbes > Economist • I may understand that Forbes is saying this, but I may not accept it….

  16. Forbes Ad... • 12% of all Forbes readers travel first-class • Only 4% of Economist readers do… • Does Forbes have more readers in first-class? • Any possibilities to the contrary…??

  17. Forbes Ad... • 12% of all Forbes readers travel first-class • Only 4% of Economist readers do… • What if total Forbes readers = 100 • Total Economist Readers = 1000? • Who has more “readers in first class”?

  18. So Message Comprehension does not mean Acceptance Comprehension = Understanding the Ad… Message Acceptance = whether you accept the ad Coming back to effectiveness tests…

  19. EFFECTIVENESS TESTS STEPS IN ADVERTISING MODEL EXPOSURE Reach ATTENTION Brand Recognition; Brand recall COMPREHENSION Ad Beliefs: What do you think the ad is trying to say? MESSAGE ACCEPTANCE Brand Attitude RETENTION Delayed Recall of Features PURCHASE BEHAVIOR Sales

  20. Benetton Case: Advertising Focus • Some Benetton ads…

  21. Benetton: Advertising Focus • Based simply on the case, evaluate Benetton’s advertising: effective or ineffective? • Groups 1, 2, 3: Make the “effective” case • Groups 4, 5: make the “ineffective” case • 25 minutes break-out for preparing slides • Then brief presentation: 5 minutes each (groups to be picked at random)

  22. One Big Point from Case • Generally, an advertising campaign will only achieve one or two objectives…. Not all • So the key question when evaluating “advertising effectiveness” is…??

  23. Biggest Point from Case • Key question: was advertising effective in meeting its objectives? • Don’t just ask: was it “good advertising”? • Another way of thinking about this… • When evaluating any advertising strategy… • Think of which objectives it will achieve…. Are those the objectives you want? • Let’s do this for some common ad techniques…

  24. Some Advertising Strategies • Sex Appeals • Humor Appeals • Comparative Advertising

  25. Sex Appeals….

  26. Sex Appeals • What communication objective does it generally achieve?? • Problems with sex-based appeals?

  27. Sex Appeals… • Problems with sex-based appeals • Brand attitude?? • Consumers may feel manipulated • Gender Differences?? • Especially in some cultures… • Camay Soap example • Venezuela: man in shower with woman • Japan: man outside the bathroom

  28. Moral: Sex may increase ad attention and brand awareness, but may hurt brand attitude…So use depending on objective

  29. Humor Appeals… What’s one big advantage of humorous ads (in terms of model)? Any disadvantages?? Compare two humorous ads Which is better?

  30. Nissin Noodles… • Noodles ad1 • Noodles ad2 • Noodles ad3

  31. Little Caesar's Pizza • Pizza ad

  32. Humor Appeals… • Generally increase Attention to Ad, BUT: • Comprehension of product benefits?? • This can be hurt by non-related humor!!

  33. Humor usually gets attention!For comprehension: Keep Humor Tied to Message.

  34. Comparative Ads… • Example… • 2 ads for Saucony shoes • Non-comparative and comparative…

  35. Comparative Ads • Pros and Cons in terms of model…? • Which one gets more attention?? • Comprehension?? • Message Acceptance?? (Attitudes) • Who should use it: low share vs. high share or high share vs. low share? • Any cultural aspect to liking for such ads? • Potential solution: use humor…

  36. Burger King ad…

  37. Burger King ad…

  38. Moral: Good for Attention; But Use with Care for Comprehension and Attitudes

  39. Advertising Repetition • What objective does this usually achieve??

  40. In General… • Any one advertising strategy will only achieve certain objectives • Because advertising model is multi-stage (not just one-shot) • So: decide on objective upfront • Select the strategy that will meet that objective…

  41. Final issue • Assessing advertising effectiveness… • We have discussed a variety of ways of measuring effectiveness of advertising • Brand awareness (measuring attention) • Memory for product features (measuring retention) • brand attitudes (message acceptance) • All well and good, but….. What have we left out???

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