英国文学史与选读 讲座课件

1. 英国文学史与选读 讲座课件 汤富华 2004年3月

2. 通过作品找意境，通过中西文学对比，让文学课升华至文化课，让我们的学生成为自己的主人。通过作品找意境，通过中西文学对比，让文学课升华至文化课，让我们的学生成为自己的主人。

3. Early and Medieval English Literature Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English poetry, was born, about 1340, in London. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the court.

4. To be recited Compared with 《劝学篇》 Francis Bacon “Of Studies”

5. Of Studies Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring, for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For different expert man can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; But the general courses and the plots and marshalling of affaires, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time on study is sloth, to use them too much for ornament, is affectation, to make judgment only by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature and are perfected by experience, for nature abilities are like nature plants, that need to be pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large.

6. 荀子·劝学 君子曰：学不可以已。青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于水。木直中绳，揉以为轮，其曲中规，虽有槁暴，不复挺者，輮使之然也。故木受绳则直，金就砾则利。君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。 吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也。吾尝跂而望矣，不如登高之博见也。登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远。顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。假舆 马者，非利足也，而致千里。假舟辑者，非能水也，而绝江河。君子生非异也，善假于物也。 积土成山，风雨兴焉。积水成渊，蛟龙生焉。积善成德，而神明自得，圣心备焉。故不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。骐骥一跃，不能十步；驽马十驾，功在不舍。锲而舍之，朽木不折；锲而不舍，金石可镂。蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强，上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也。蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇蟺之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。

7. Thomas More(1478-1535) He was born in a middle-class family.his father was a prominent lawyer,and later a judge.A scholar by nature ,he became a lawyer.Quite early he was elected to Parliament and he acted as the spokesman of London merchants who were on e of the principal stays of the Tudor monarchy.

8. Daniel Defoe: 1660-1731 • Son of James and Mary Foe, a merchant family committed to Puritanism (Presbyterians) • Sound education at Morton’s Academy. Only Anglicans could graduate from Oxford or Cambridge. • 1684: Marries Mary Tuffley, an heiress with 3,700 a year.

9. Fought briefly in the Duke of Monmouth’s rebellion against James II. • Bankruptcy and debt turned him towards writing. • 1701: writes “The True Born Englishman” • 1703: Pilloried for writing “The Shortest Way with Dissenters.”

10. Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe • 1719: First volume of Robinson Crusoe. A hit with lower and middle classes. • Based on the experience of Alexander Selkirk. • 1722: Moll Flanders. A novel that draws on his own experience in Newgate prison.

11. Crusoe: 1810 edition

12. Samuel Johnson (1709—84) lexicographer, critic and poet, was born in Lichfield, Stafforshire, the son of a poor bookseller. After studying at Oxford for little more than a year, he was forced to leave the university by poverty. Then followed his long struggle as a hack writer. In 1741, some booksellers asked Johnson to compile a dictionary or the English language. It took him eight years to finish this enormous work, and in 1755 his “Dictionary” was published.

13. Johnson thought that “all was false and hollow” despised the honeyed words, and wrote a letter to Lord Chestfield, saying “ when I had once addressed your lordship in public, I had exhausted all the art or pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess.” Letter to Lord Chestfield

14. 文艺复兴

15. 《最后的晚餐》 （意大利） 达 · 芬奇画 1495 - 1497年 米兰圣玛利亚·格拉契修道院藏 文艺复兴美术三杰

16. 《蒙娜丽莎》意大利 达 · 芬奇画 木板油画 77 × 53厘米1503 - 1505年巴黎卢浮尔宫博物馆藏 自画像

17. 《西斯廷教堂天顶画》局部　壁画 36·54×13·14米 米开朗期罗 （意大利） 梵帝冈西斯廷教堂藏 （1475 - 1564年） 西斯庭教堂内景

18. 《椅中圣母》 （油画） （意大利） 拉斐尔 （1514 - 1516年） 选自http://www.artsea.net

19. William Shakespeare1564-1616 “All the world 's a stage, And all the men and women merely players.”

20. Born in Stratford • The 3rd of 8 kids • Married at age 18 • (his wife was 26) • Worked as an actor • By 1594 at least 6 plays had been published

21. The Globe Theater 1599 Burned in 1613

22. The New Globe Theater 1999

23. Comedies • The Taming of the Shrew • Much Ado About Nothing • As You Like I • Twelfth Night • Midsummer Night’s Dream

24. Tragedies • Hamlet • Romeo and Juliet • Othello • King Lear • Macbeth

25. Hamlet

26. Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of the heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as a man can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives live to thee.

27. 致橡树 我如果爱你——/绝不学攀援的凌霄花，/借你的高枝炫耀自己；我如果爱你——/绝不学痴情的鸟儿，/为绿荫重复单调的歌曲；也不止像泉源/常年送来清凉的慰籍；/也不止像险峰，增加你的高度，/衬托你的威仪。/甚至日光/甚至春雨不，这些都还不够/我必须是你近旁的一株木棉，作为树的形像和你站在一起。/根，相握在地下；叶，相触在云里。/每一阵风吹过，我们都互相致意，但没有人/听懂我们的言语/你有你的铜枝铁干，像刀像剑也像戟；/我有我红硕的花朵，/像沉重的叹息，又像英勇的火炬/我们分担寒潮风雷霹雳；我们共享雾霭流岚虹霓；/仿佛永远分离，却又终身相依这才是伟大的爱情，/坚贞就在这里/爱/不仅爱你伟岸的身躯，也爱你坚持的位置，/足下的土地。

28. John Milton (1608—1674) “Paradise Lost” Its meaning of equity Background： John Milton, the greatest English poet after Shakespeare, was the one great literary figure who want tried seriously to combine Renaissance and Reformation. His rich stories of classical learning with revival of deep religious feeling.

29. Milton’s work can be divided into three creative period. The first period was up to 1641, during which time he was to be seen chiefly as a son of the humanity and Elizabethans, although his Puritanism was not absent. Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics and who is both a great poet and important prose writer.

30. 渡边淳一

31. The Age of Romanticism1750-1850

32. This cultural era is a continuation of, & overlaps with, the Enlightenment. Its characteristics include: • Romantic love • Liberalism and freedom • An upsurge of nationalism & patriotism • Sympathy for the poor & less fortunate. • An appreciation of nature • A fascination with horror

33. Romantic Artists • John Constable • J.M.W. Turner • Eugene Delacroix • J.F.Goya

34. A Romantic Painting by John Constable

35. Romantic Musicians • Wolfgang Sebastian Bach • Ludwig von Beethoven “immortal beloved” • Johan Brahms; Frederic Chopin • Franz List; Peter Tchaikovsky • Franz Schubert; Richard Wagner • Guiseppi Verdi

36. Wolfgang Sebastian BachGerman composer & organist

37. Ludwig von BeethovenGreat composer of symphonies

38. Romantic Historians • Georg Hegel - Communism • Jules Michelet - Idealization of French history • George Bancroft - Divine Providence for USA • Thomas Carlyle - Great Men theory • Thomas Billington McCaulay - British history • Heinrich von Treitschke - German nationalism

39. First Bicycle: Germany, 1816no pedals, chains, or brakes.

40. First manned Balloon Flight • A 70 ft. tall balloon scended in Paris in November, 1783. • It traveled 7 & 1/2 miles in 26 minutes; and reached a height of 3000 feet.

41. Romantic Authors Robert Burns (1759—?) “A Red, Red Rose” “Auld Lang Syne”

42. 抒发情怀是文人墨客的做派，同时也是所有读书人表达对时事，人生百态的观点的最好的一种方式。中西文化在这一点上是完全相同的。抒发情怀是文人墨客的做派，同时也是所有读书人表达对时事，人生百态的观点的最好的一种方式。中西文化在这一点上是完全相同的。

43. Burns的A Red, Red Rose是一首难得的好情诗。Auld Lang Syne.更是成了全世界家喻户晓的好歌，很像中国的王洛宾的那首《在那遥远的地方》。其实，抒发像Auld Lang Syne这种韵味，无论哪个民族都有，如《月光下的凤尾竹》由施光南作曲，云南傣族人用葫芦丝演奏的曲调也有异曲同工的效果。 要启发学生读进文学作品，同时也要走出文学作品，将作品给予的启发和感受时刻与现实生活相联系。更要通过阅读脍炙人口的作品提高个人的修养。

44. Herbert Schiller • German romanticist who idealized heroic deeds and struggles for freedom.

45. Wolfgang von Goethe, author of “Faust”

46. Sir Walter Scott • Author of Ivanhoe & Rob Roy. • Romantic themes included Scottish nationalism & independence.

47. Samuel Taylor Coleridge • Used images of phantoms and terrors arising from the depths of the emotions. • Author of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.

48. William Wordsworth romantic poetry

50. William Wordsworth principal poem： We are seven Lines Written in Early Spring To the cuckoo I Wondered lonely as a cloud The Solitary Reaper Intimations or Immortality The Prelude