Playing the Field: Pay-Per-View E-journals and E-books Lindsey Schell Katy Ginanni BenJamin heet

1. Playing the Field: Pay-Per-View E-journals and E-booksLindsey SchellKaty GinanniBenJamin heet 2009 NASIG Conference Asheville, NC June 6, 2009

2. The promise of pay-per-view Users can access thousands more articles than previously available through traditional library subscriptions Cost-per-use for on-demand articles is dramatically cheaper than seldom used subscriptions No storage costs Evaluation by usage statistics is more precise Can serve as a valuable supplement to ILL services

3. University of Notre Dame Enrollment 11,700 total 8,400 undergrad, 1,900 grad Hesburgh Libraries FY 2007/2008 $10 million � total materials budget $4,800,000 monograph $5,300,000 serials Total volumes held � 2,980,000

4. University of Texas at Austin Enrollment FTE 47,300 total 80% Undergrad, 20% Grad UT Libraries FY 2007/2008 Budget $11 Million $9 million for serials and continuations $2 million for monographs Total volumes held: 9 million Serials: 30,000 30,000 serials Approx. 2/3 of our serials are electronicApprox. 2/3 of our serials are electronic

5. Trinity University Enrollment FTE >2,500 total 2,361 undergraduate, 151 graduate Elizabeth Huth Coates Library FY 2007/2008 $1,218,419 total materials budget $ 796,905 for serials and continuations $ 421,514 for monographs Total volumes held: 911,500 Serials: 2,200+ Enrollment fairly steady around 2,500, around 245 teaching faculty Primarily undergraduate liberal arts curriculum with professional programs in business and engineering. Four master�s programs in health care admin, business and education. Budgets tend to be flat or increase by only a few percentage points; continuing resources increase by at least 5%, usually more Enrollment fairly steady around 2,500, around 245 teaching faculty Primarily undergraduate liberal arts curriculum with professional programs in business and engineering. Four master�s programs in health care admin, business and education. Budgets tend to be flat or increase by only a few percentage points; continuing resources increase by at least 5%, usually more

6. Elsevier Timeline Began investigation Fall, 2006 Three month trial Live implementation in January, 2007 Investigation Access to >2,500 vs. ca.77 print subscriptions Small focus group Unlimited access for 3 months In spring of 2006, we faced a projected 8% increase in subscriptions, and only a 2% budget increase. Interested in College Edition of ScienceDirect; negotiations were unsuccessful. When considering the cancellation of Elsevier titles, we recognized that 7 academic departments accounted for most of the subscriptions to Elsevier journals. To gain support for the decision to cancel all titles and provide PPV access instead, we created a focus group composed of 1 faculty member from each of those depts. We presented the idea in the fall of 2006, asked for input, and provided unlimited access for 3 months to search and download from SD. Selling points: anticipated savings could help eliminate cancellations for several years; immediate access to ALL Elsevier journals; desktop delivery; high resolution color copies (which was a growing concern in several disciplines) In spring of 2006, we faced a projected 8% increase in subscriptions, and only a 2% budget increase. Interested in College Edition of ScienceDirect; negotiations were unsuccessful. When considering the cancellation of Elsevier titles, we recognized that 7 academic departments accounted for most of the subscriptions to Elsevier journals. To gain support for the decision to cancel all titles and provide PPV access instead, we created a focus group composed of 1 faculty member from each of those depts. We presented the idea in the fall of 2006, asked for input, and provided unlimited access for 3 months to search and download from SD. Selling points: anticipated savings could help eliminate cancellations for several years; immediate access to ALL Elsevier journals; desktop delivery; high resolution color copies (which was a growing concern in several disciplines)

7. Elsevier How it works Journal / Article Discovery Titles held in print still in online catalog All ScienceDirect titles in journals list (TDNet) Citations through other A&I databases Titles/TOCs on SD Article Delivery Interstitial page from link resolver Username/password access into SD Immediate access to article We have not withdrawn the print titles to which we formerly subscribed, and those holdings are still in the catalog. We added ScienceDirect to our journals list, so if someone � we assume this will usually be faculty � is looking for a specific journal, it can be found there. Can link, via our link resolver, from citations found in other abstract&index databases, such as Scopus. And, of course, they can always browse tables of contents on ScienceDirect. Once an article has been located and the user clicks on the link, s/he sees an interstitial page from our link resolver that suggests options for accessing that article. We have not withdrawn the print titles to which we formerly subscribed, and those holdings are still in the catalog. We added ScienceDirect to our journals list, so if someone � we assume this will usually be faculty � is looking for a specific journal, it can be found there. Can link, via our link resolver, from citations found in other abstract&index databases, such as Scopus. And, of course, they can always browse tables of contents on ScienceDirect. Once an article has been located and the user clicks on the link, s/he sees an interstitial page from our link resolver that suggests options for accessing that article.

8. This page provides links to the options for accessing an article: Print (for the pre-2006 titles to which we subscribed) ILL PPV This page provides links to the options for accessing an article: Print (for the pre-2006 titles to which we subscribed) ILL PPV

9. Elsevier How it works Journal / Article Discovery Titles held in print still in online catalog All ScienceDirect titles in journals list (TDNet) Citations through other A&I databases Titles/TOCs on SD Article Delivery Interstitial page from link resolver Username/password access into SD Immediate access to article Username/password is for the academic departments and one for the library. Students must see either a librarian or teaching faculty to get an article. Username/password is for the academic departments and one for the library. Students must see either a librarian or teaching faculty to get an article.

10. Elsevier Control / Tracking Expenditures Use Cost Deposit account $30 per article ScienceDirect ArticleChoice Conclusions / Concerns We get a monthly report from Elsevier which shows beginning balance, number of transactions, the drawdown, and the ending balance. It also gives us the user IDs that were used that month (each is tied to a specific academic department) and the number of transactions for that user ID. Conclusions/Concerns: More involvement by more faculty earlier in the process may have lead to more acceptance. Faculty in neuroscience and geosciences are happy with color in original PDFs. Access to more journals is a hit � 76% of articles retrieve are from journals to which we did not subscribe. If faculty are so involved in research that we couldn�t qualify for College Editions, why aren�t they ordering more Elsevier articles? (maybe they learned that ILL is fast enough) Use has not been as high as anticipated, which may be due to a perceived high cost. Students: Positive � guide them to other suitable, accessible articles or to ILL (an educational opportunity) Negative � Many undergrads will not ask for help; if article not easily available in full text, they look elsewhere We get a monthly report from Elsevier which shows beginning balance, number of transactions, the drawdown, and the ending balance. It also gives us the user IDs that were used that month (each is tied to a specific academic department) and the number of transactions for that user ID. Conclusions/Concerns: More involvement by more faculty earlier in the process may have lead to more acceptance. Faculty in neuroscience and geosciences are happy with color in original PDFs. Access to more journals is a hit � 76% of articles retrieve are from journals to which we did not subscribe. If faculty are so involved in research that we couldn�t qualify for College Editions, why aren�t they ordering more Elsevier articles? (maybe they learned that ILL is fast enough) Use has not been as high as anticipated, which may be due to a perceived high cost. Students: Positive � guide them to other suitable, accessible articles or to ILL (an educational opportunity) Negative � Many undergrads will not ask for help; if article not easily available in full text, they look elsewhere

11. EBSCO EJS Timeline Began investigation Sept. 2006 EJS drops PPV service Nov. 2006 Why mention when never implemented? Investigation Do they offer the content? 800 springer journals High quality / publisher PDF EJS authentication, reach-out to Springer for PDF

12. EBSCO EJS Investigation Article Discovery TOC browse pages for all volumes Complete holdings, no gaps Article Delivery Unmediated, almost seamless Require individual registration with email address Control / Tracking Customization options, limit access to single journal No stat reports, invoice shows email of requestor

13. EBSCO EJS Investigation Cost $1,500/year, and article PPV fees How it worked Single admin account Multiple Access Profiles Unique U/P Login, PPV rights on each Users logged into Access Profile http://ejournals.ebsco.com/UPLogin.asp?CustomerCode=NOTRE&UserName=sp68&Password=XXX Access profile customized to show links to only single journal 800 journals = 800 access profiles

14. EBSCO EJS How it worked Individual registration by user Article ordered, delivered via email almost instantly Delivery did not take 24 hours What it would have offered Unmediated access to PPV Appearance of typical IP authenticated subscription No �add to shopping cart, pay $$� notes Publisher PDF delivered immediately via email Customization options Journal level links, interface control to limit abuse

15. Infotrieve Timeline Began investigation Dec. 2006 Production Mar. 2007 Cancelled Aug. 2008 Investigation Do they offer the content? Sent title list, informed they could fill from 95% titles Perhaps not publisher PDF but faculty surveyed were pleased with quality

16. Infotrieve Investigation Article Discovery No TOC browse mechanism, discovery done through A&I databases (decreases use) Infotrieve = article level discovery first, Ebsco EJS = journal level discovery Article Delivery Long, cumbersome registration But satisfactory 24 hr or less delivery PlugIn required for viewing PDF, cannot share PDF Shopping cart appearance Will it ask for my credit card number?

17. Infotrieve Investigation Control / Tracking IP authentication, provided only proxy server IP Could deny problem users access through proxy server Quality usage reports for tracking all requests, including info on how quickly request was filled Cost No annual fee (for us), changed pricing model? $8 service fee per article, average $40-60/article total

18. Infotrieve How it worked IP authenticated access, all users PPV rights OpenURL link to shopping cart pre-populated with article citation data Customize interface Logo, �library will purchase for you� messages

19. Infotrieve Statistics for Jan. 2008-July 2008 1,020 users linked to Infotrieve site with 240 completed requests 75% incompletion, turnaway $52/article average $12,500 total spent, if all requests were completed cost would have been $53,000 Cancelled Joined RapidILL Rejoined journal package, restored access

20. Ingenta Timeline Began investigation in spring 2007 �Started� in Summer 2007 Started over Fall 2007 Cancelled Fall 2008 Ultimately the Ingenta pilot failed because none of the �advanced features� were fully formulated. The interface provided inappropriate messages to users about article cost and required too many clicks to get articles. The system was incapable of blocking PPV access to our paid subscriptions, thus allowing us to pay twice. Tracking feature was difficult to use, displayed transactions out of chronological order and frequently charged the account for failed transactions. Final analysis showed less than 50 unique titles separate from our publisher based subscription packages � could not justify the $10k cost for so little unique content and such problematic accounting and statistical features. No reliable cost/use statistics were generated from this pilot.Ultimately the Ingenta pilot failed because none of the �advanced features� were fully formulated. The interface provided inappropriate messages to users about article cost and required too many clicks to get articles. The system was incapable of blocking PPV access to our paid subscriptions, thus allowing us to pay twice. Tracking feature was difficult to use, displayed transactions out of chronological order and frequently charged the account for failed transactions. Final analysis showed less than 50 unique titles separate from our publisher based subscription packages � could not justify the $10k cost for so little unique content and such problematic accounting and statistical features. No reliable cost/use statistics were generated from this pilot.

21. Ingenta Investigation Access to 30k journals with Email and RSS alerting Articles (PDF) delivered in 48 hours by email after individual user login/IP authentication Customization of user experience and capping/tracking of spending Advanced statistics based on usage, cost, publisher, title and user ID Open URL linking to third party providers and ability to block orders to subscription material Unlimited customer service/tech support

22. Ingenta Cost $10k for �ConnectComplete� admin module with advanced features Based on deposit account model, $5k to start pilot Publishers set article prices, avg.$25-30 + $5 delivery fee How it worked Access to fewer titles than advertised Articles delivered as PDF after individual user login

23. Ingenta User experience very cumbersome Multiple pages to click through, IP authentication did not work at start, users asked for acct. # Shopping carts, multiple unclear payment options and article prices displayed Multiple requests to change display were ignored Advanced statistics module not fully developed Transaction log showed multiple failed deliveries for which we were charged Transaction log was not in chronological order Accounting log was regularly inaccurate Account minimum balance alert did not work

24. Ingenta Product did not block users from accessing third party subscribed material through PPV as promised Cost per article higher than advertised Customer service/tech support left many questions unanswered for long periods of time Cancellation Minimal usage indicated high level of self-directed turn-aways Admin costs too high for product that did not work as advertised

25. EBL Timeline Began investigation in April 2007 Started in August 2007 Pilot ongoing Investigation 300,000 titles Price capping and rent/purchase parameters customizable Brief MARC records provided for rentals, full MARC records delivered after purchase Ability to download PDF Started in Aug 07 � fy starts with September � full year of data Cost per use is 5-10% of list price for first 3 views, book is purchased after 4th view at list price Based on the amount spent from the allocation and the usage statistics, we estimate the program costs $4 per use, compared to $28 per use of print titles Decision to purchase after 4th use was based on ten years of NetLibrary usage patterns Downloads blocked in EBL to maintain consistency with our other ebook platforms that do no allow. Started in Aug 07 � fy starts with September � full year of data Cost per use is 5-10% of list price for first 3 views, book is purchased after 4th view at list price Based on the amount spent from the allocation and the usage statistics, we estimate the program costs $4 per use, compared to $28 per use of print titles Decision to purchase after 4th use was based on ten years of NetLibrary usage patterns Downloads blocked in EBL to maintain consistency with our other ebook platforms that do no allow.

26. EBL Cost Rental is 5-10% of list price Purchase at list price Projected $300K for FY 07-08 Actually spent $286,849: $190,043 on rentals $96,806 on purchases Cost-per-use based on total spent and usage statistics: approx. $4 per use

27. EBL How it worked Purchase generated on 4th view Blocking anything over $700 Anything over $50 vetted by library before use Downloading disabled (by our choice) Pilot continues Looking at ways to trim print approval plan with PPV program

28. Common themes Article Discovery TOC browse not always available Blocking subscribed content from PPV not effective Article Delivery Delivery was often delayed or failed Self-directed turn-aways Cost Article price display and shopping carts very problematic Individual article costs excessive

29. Next steps Article Discovery Improve end-user experience Offer TOC browsing Open URL linking from A&I at article level Definitive mechanism to prevent double paying for subscribed content. Article Delivery Faster PDF delivery without mediation or emails Fewer failed transactions and vanished content

30. Next Steps Cost No article price display or shopping carts Lower per-article cost Timely tech support Improved tracking of spending and user statistics

31. Q&A We�re pleased to take your questions.