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LH Electrical SOUTH WEST LTD- Electricians Bristol

Electricity is a general term that encompasses a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge .

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LH Electrical SOUTH WEST LTD- Electricians Bristol

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  1. LH Electrical SOUTH WEST LTD

  2. ELECTRICITY :-- Electricity is a general term that encompassesa variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge.

  3. Electrical distribution andprotection equipments:-- • 1. Fuses:-

  4. A fuse consists of a metal strip or wire fuse element, ofsmall cross-section compared to the circuit conductors, mounted between a pair of electrical terminals, and (usually) enclosed by a non-conducting and non- combustiblehousing. • Protect electrical devices and components from overcurrent andshort circuits that occur during inproperlyoperating circuits. • When fault current reaches a predetermined magnitude for a fixedperiod • oftime,currentflowisinterruptedthroughmeltingofaninternalelement. • Performance rating include voltage rating, current rating, ratedbreaking capacity. • Performance characterstic : Fast acting and timelag. • The fuse element is made of zinc, copper, silver, aluminum, or alloysto provide stable and predictablecharacteristics.

  5. Fuse Types:- • 1. Miniature fuse:- Commonly available in dimensionsof 5 x 20 mmand 6.3 X 32mm

  6. 2. Sub-miniature or micro:- Compact circuit board layout. Mainly 13-32 inch diameterfuses.

  7. 3. Automotive Fuse:- • Automotive fuses are a class of fuses used to protect the wiring and electrical equipment for vehicles. They are generally rated for circuits no higher than 24 volts direct current, but some types are rated for 42-volt electrical systems. They are occasionally used in non-automotive electrical products.

  8. 4. Blade Type Fuses:- Plug-in fuses (also called blade or spade fuses), with a plastic bodyand twoprongsthatfitintosockets,aremostlyusedinautomobiles. Used in low voltage and high currentapplications. Type Dimensions L x WxH Ampereratings 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 7.5A, 10A, 15A,20A, 25A, 30A Mini 10.9 x 3.6 x 16.3mm 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 7.5A, 10A, 15A,20A, 25A, 30A Low-ProfileMini 10.9 x 3.81 x 8.73 mm 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 7.5A, 10A,15A, 20A, 25A, 30A, 35A,40A Regular 19.1 x 5.1 x 18.5mm 20A, 30A, 40A, 50A, 60A, 70A,80A, 100A Maxi 29.2 x 8.5 x 34.3mm

  9. FUSEHOLDER:- Fuse holder are devicesfor containing,protecting and mountingfuses.

  10. 1. Open fuse holder :- Open fuse holdertypes are fuse claps, fuse blocks, socket and plug on capvarieties. 2. Fully enclosed :- Fully enclosed variety may use a fuse carrier that isinsertedintoaholderorhaveothermeanstofullyenclosed thefuse.

  11. Circuit Breaker:- Circuit breaker are switching device capable of making,carryingandbreakingcurrentundernormalcircuitconditionsand making, carrying for a specific time, and breaking current under specified conditions such as a shortcircuit. • A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow. Unlike a fuse,which operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) toresume normal operation.

  12. Actuatorlever-usedtomanuallytripandresetthecircuitbreaker.AlsoActuatorlever-usedtomanuallytripandresetthecircuitbreaker.Also • indicatesthestatusofthecircuitbreaker(OnorOff/tripped). • Actuatormechanism -forcesthecontactstogetherorapart. • Contacts -Allowcurrentwhentouchingandbreakthecurrentwhen movedapart. • Terminals • Bimetallicstrip • Calibrationscrew-allowsthemanufacturertoprecisely adjustthetrip current of the device afterassembly. • Solenoid • Arc divider /extinguisher

  13. CircuitBreaker

  14. TyPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKER:- • Low voltage circuitbreaker:-- • MCB [miniature circuit breaker]:- rate current more than 100 A. Trip characterstic normally not adjustable. Thermal or thermal– • magneticoperation. • MccB[moldedcasecircuitbreaker]:-ratedcurentupto1000A. Thermal or thermal magnitude operation. Trip current may be adjustable in large rating.

  15. WIRES:- A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, string of metal. Wires are used to bear mechanical loads and to carry electricity and telecommunications signals. Wire is commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die ordraw plate .

  16. Classified based on material:- • Copper :- Very good conductor and is easy to moldand bend. Most commonlyused. • ReasonablePrice.

  17. ALUMINIUM:- Cheaper and easy to shape andbend, A less conductivematerial. Electrical safety is an issue. Heating occurs.

  18. ALLOYS:- An alloy made from aluminium and copper totake advantage ofboth.

  19. SILVER WIRES:- Best conductor of electricity. • It is tooexpensive.

  20. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON USE:- • 1. Triplex Wire :- It is arial cable uses to fed the powerpole. • Wiretiestothewiresstickingoutoftheweather head.

  21. 2. Main Feeder wires:- These wires are usually type THHN wireandratedfor125%oftheloadrequired.Theseareusuallyblack insulated wires coming out ofthe service weather head.

  22. Panel Feed Wires:- These wires are also type THHN like the main feeder . A typical 100 A servicewould have a THHN set of wires. They would then be rated at 125 A. This would protect the wires if the amperage was at full 100A.

  23. Non-metallic sheathed wire:- This wire commonly called Romax. Is a plastic coated wire that has either 2 or 3conductors.

  24. Single Strand wires:-when your home is piped you will have to have another type of wire. Single strand wire is insulated and many of these can be pulled into the samepipe.

  25. Bus Bars:- An aluminium or copper conductor supported by insulatorsthatinterconnectsthe loadsandthesource oftheelectrical power in an electric powersystem. • 1. Rigid bus bars :-Low,medium and highvoltage. • Sulphurhexafluoride.

  26. Switches :-Devices used to allow electrical current to flow. When closed • and when opened,they prevent currentflow. • Common Switch Types:- • Push button Rocket Rock Toggle • Dualline Rotary Keylock Slide • Snap action Reed

  27. Wiring :-Electrical wiring in general refers to insulated conductors used to carry electricity, and associateddevices. • Types of wiring:- • 1. Cleat Wiring:-Types of wiring tobe adopted is depends upon various factors,duarability,safety,appearance,cost,consumers budgetetc • This system uses insulated cables sub protected in porcelain cleats. Recommended only for temporaryinstallations. • Cleats are made in pairs having bottom and tophalves. • initially top and bottom cleats are fixed according to the layout.Then • the cable is drawn , tensioned and cleats are tightened byscrew.

  28. Types:-Having1,2or3groomstoreceive 1,2,or3wires. • Advantages :- • Cleat wiring is one of the cheapestwiring. More suitable for temporaryinstallation • Whennotrequiredthewiringcouldbedismanteledwithoutdamaging • cables,cleats andaccessories. • Disadvantages:- • Wiring is exposed chnces of fire arethere. Notappealing • Lessdurable

  29. B.I.S recommendations for cleat wiring:- • Notemployedforwiringondampwallsorceilingunlessprecautionsare adapted for affectively preventingdampness. • Class of cables :-vulcanised rubber insulated cables, pvc and poluthene insulated cables, insulated cables could be used without any furtherprotection. • Cleats :- All cleats should consist of two parts a base piece and a cap. Cleats shall be fixed at a distace more than 60 cm apart and atregular intervals.Cleats shall be inserted either with varnished wood fillets or varnished woodclamps.

  30. Fixing of cleats :- IN ordinary cases cleats shall be attached. Cleats shall be such that conductor distance shall not be less than 2cmfor pressure upto 250volts • Branch load :- 2.5 cm apart Sub-mains :- 4 cmapart

  31. Batten wiring :- Tough rubber sheathed orpvc sheathed cabled are suitable to sum on teak woodbattens • Metal sheathed wires areused. • teakwood shall be seasond and wel finished from all sides. Shall not be less than 10 mm inthickness • battensshallbepaintedwithvanishpriortoerection. • Battens shallbefixedtowallasusingwallplugorwoodenplugnotmore than 75cm • Cables are held onbattens. • LinkClip:-usetofamilyclippingthecablesinposition.

  32. Link Clip :-use to family clipping the cables in position. link clips are of twotypes. • made of tin orbrass coated tin. • ADVANTAGES :- easy toinstall. • widely used for indoorinstallations. • DISADVANTAGES :- Wires are exposed more chances ofdamage. • Chances of spreading fire aremore. • not muchappealing.

  33. Cassing caping wiring :- For low voltageinstallation. • cables like vulcanised rubber,insulated cables,plastic insulated cables are used and carried within the wood casingenclosure • Nottobeusedinunventilatedordapplaces.Unlessprecautionsare taken. • Material and pattern of casing:- • all casing shall be of fust glass, seasoned teak wood orany other approvedhardwood. • all sides well varnished,both inside or outside shealedvarnish.

  34. Advantages :- Wires not fully enclosed ,less chances ofdamage. • chances of fire spreading areless • better astheticallyappealing. • Disadvantages:-Expensive. • only used in dryplaces.

  35. Conduit wiring :-conduit is defined as a tube or channel. • Tubular conduit is most commonly usedinstallation. • Types of conduit:- • Rigit steelconduit. • rigid non-mettalicconduit. • Flexible steelconduit. • Flexible non mettalicconduit.

  36. Thanks for visiting !!

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