World War I

1. World War I Ernest Hemingway – ambulance driver America Joins the Fight

2. Vocabulary • John J. Pershing: the leader of the American Expeditionary Force • American Expeditionary Force: the name given to the U.S. forces when they went to Europe during World War I. President Wilson insisted they not become a separate unit not part of the French or British combat units • convoy system: a heavy guard of destroyers that escorts merchant ships during wartime • Second Battle of the Marne: a 1918 battle during World War I that marked the turning point in the war; Allied troops along with Americans halted the German advance into France • Alvin York: a sergeant who attacked German machine gunners, killing 25 of them and capturing 125 others • armistice: an end to fighting

3. Ages 21 – 30 had to sign up 3 million drafted in one year Raising an Army and a Navy

4. John J. Pershing

5. Women in the Military Navy: clerical workers Marines: Marinettes Army: nurses Other jobs: interpreters, switchboard operators, entertainers, and ambulance drivers

6. American Ships Make a Difference

7. Cantigny –It took American troops two hours to take control of town American Troops Enter the War France and U.K. thought the Americans could just replace their troops at the front and be commanded by French or British officers. The U.S. refused. Battle of Chateau-Thierry (left) Battle of Belleau Woods (right)

8. Second Battle of the Marne Turning point of the war

9. African-American units were awarded the Croix de Guerre Sgt. Alvin York American Heroes Eddie Rickenacker

10. Armistice Cost of the War 37 million casualties - 16 million deaths and 21 million wounded The financial cost of the war is said to have amounted to almost $38 billion for Germany alone; Britain spent $35 billion, France $24 billion, Russia $22 billion, USA $22 billion and Austria-Hungary $20 billion.  In total the war cost the Allies around $125 billion; the Central Powers $60 billion.

11. Page 288 #3 1. Why did Wilson want U.S. forces to fight as a separate American combat unit? Wilson wanted U.S. forces to fight as a separate American combat unit because he thought it would guarantee the United States a major role in the peace talks after the war. 2. What were two ways the U.S. Navy countered the u-boat threat? The U.S. Navy countered the u-boat attacks by using the convoy system and laid mines in the North Atlantic. 3. Why was the Meuse-Argonne offensive a major turning point in the war? The Meuse-Argonne offensive a major turning point in the war because it forced the Germans to retreat.