WELCOME

1. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT CUSTOMIZED ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING WELCOME

2. INSTRUCTOR Insert Instructor Name Here

3. OBJECTIVES • Define Pest and Integrated Pest Management. • Discuss the Benefits of IPM. • Discuss IPM Prevention. • Discuss IPM Monitoring. • Discuss IPM Control Techniques. • Discuss Specific Control Techniques. • Discuss Educating Others in IPM. • Discuss IPM Guidelines. • Discuss Use of Contractors.

4. GOALS • Understand the Definition of Pest and Integrated Pest Management. • Understand the Benefits of IPM. • Understand IPM Prevention. • Understand IPM Monitoring. • Understand IPM Control Techniques. • Be Familiar with Specific Control Techniques. • Understand the Importance of Educating Others in IPM. • Be Familiar with IPM Guidelines.

5. BACKGROUND • In 1972, 2.8 million tons of pesticide were used worldwide, by 1990, the amount had grown to 46 million tons worldwide. • Annually in the U.S., there are more than 22,000 people poisoned from pesticides. • Currently there are 25,000 pesticides registered for use in the United States. However, 19,000 of them have not been reregistered since 1972 when legislation required testing for carcinogenic effects.

6. LEARNERS • Supervisors • Facility Engineers • Maintenance Personnel • Department Managers • Building Occupants • Process Specialists • Environmental and Safety Committees

7. OVERVIEW The goal of this course is to provide supervisors with the tools needed to institute an integrated pest management program on their facility. It recommends practical, actions that can be carried out by facility management, maintenance personnel and building occupants. The course will help you to integrate good integrated pest management activities into your existing organization and identify which of your staff have the necessary skills to carry out those activities.

8. WHAT THIS COURSE DOES NOT DO The course is not intended to become a pest advisor or to be a pesticide applicator. These specialties required training beyond the intended scope of this course. Where this expertise is needed, outside assistance should be solicited.

9. The primary focus of FIFRA was to provide federal control of pesticide distribution, sale, and use EPA was given authority under FIFRA not only to study the consequences of pesticide usage but also to require users to register when purchasing pesticides EPA is required to make instructional materials concerning integrated pest management (IPM) techniques available to individuals at their request FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA)

10. Pertinent Regulations: FIFRA has been codified in 40 CFR Parts 150—189 40 CFR 170 addresses Worker Protection Standard IPM is not addressed specifically in any regulations, however, as you will see, IPM is the best management practices for pesticides FEDERAL REGULATIONS

11. Pests are plants and animals in undesirable locations according to man’s liking Common pests are insects, mites, snails, birds, weeds, nematodes, and pathogens Pests can cause health problems, including malaria, hantavirus and plague from mosquitoes, fleas and rodents Insects, rodents and weeds can also cause structural damage to buildings, roads and landscape WHAT ARE PESTS?

12. Specifically these include: Lack of complete health and safety data on many pesticides currently in use Possible adverse short- and long-term health effects from acute and low-level long term exposure to pesticides Health care professionals not recognizing the exposure symptoms of the 25,000 registered pesticides Contamination to the surrounding environment including waterways and food web Pest resurgence due to resistance to toxic chemicals Inconsistencies in the regulation of pesticide applications THE PROBLEM WITH PESTICIDES

13. IPM utilizes a combination of: Preventive measures Monitoring Control techniques IPM’s goal is to suppress pests by the least toxic measures IPM does not exclude the use of chemical pesticides, but utilizes them sparingly and only as a last resort WHAT IS IPM?

14. IPM uses the following criteria: Using pesticides whose health and safety data are known Using very low toxic pesticides to minimize acute and chronic effects of pesticide exposure Limiting the number of pesticides used to aid physicians in identifying any effects of exposure Using preventative measures when at all possible and when using chemical pesticides limiting their use Using methods which are not easily resisted by pests Using the least toxic method should always stay within the bounds of all pesticide regulations and laws WHAT IS IPM?

15. The benefits include: Economic Safety Effectiveness Environmental BENEFITS OF IPM

16. Benefits - Economic Pesticides, fertilizers and irrigation are costly The costs associated with hazardous waste disposal and reporting are also averted Health risks and health monitoring are also reduced by using IPM BENEFITS OF IPM

17. Benefits - Safety IPM reduces risk IPM results in fewer pesticide applications, at reduced rates, using the safest possible materials In many cases, the handling of hazardous pesticides is eliminated altogether BENEFITS OF IPM

18. Benefits - Effectiveness IPM delays pest resistance Genetic resistance is one of the most serious problems facing pesticide users IPM does not rely solely on chemical controls, therefore genetic resistance is less likely to occur Preserving the effectiveness of existing pesticides helps reduce costs for everyone BENEFITS OF IPM

19. Benefits - Environmental IPM preserves the environment Indiscriminate pesticide and fertilizer use can reduce populations of beneficial plants, insects, fish, animals and other organisms BENEFITS OF IPM

20. PESTICIDE TOXICITY CATEGORIES

21. Preventive measures are an important step because they eliminate the pest by disturbing a potential habitat Prevention means planning for a potential pest and taking the necessary steps aimed at disturbing the pest’s habitat in such ways as erecting a physical barrier, eliminating food or water, or introducing a predator The choice of pest-resistant varieties of species that are well adapted to local conditions precludes pest infestation Taking action after a pest infestation occurs could be too late to save landscape or buildings PREVENTION

22. Urban/Structural IPM Pesticide use around infants and children, hospital patients, food, or other sensitive environments can create real or perceived risks IPM principles for urban environments are the same as those for crops and ornamental plants Alternatives to pesticides, such as exclusion or sanitation, can sometimes provide permanent solutions to otherwise chronic problems PREVENTION

23. Entryways Keep doors shut when not in use Place weather stripping on doors Caulk and seal openings in walls Install or repair screens Install air curtains Keep vegetation, shrubs, and wood mulch at least 1 foot away from structures PREVENTION

24. Classrooms and Offices Allow food and beverages only in designated areas If indoor plants are present, keep them healthy Keep areas as dry as possible by removing standing water and water damaged or wet materials In science labs, store animal foods in tightly sealed containers and regularly clean cages In all areas, remove dust and debris Routinely clean closets, lockers and desks Frequently vacuum carpeted areas Consult with your local health department if head lice is present PREVENTION

25. Food Preparation and Serving Areas Store food and waste in containers that are inaccessible to pests Containers must have tight lids and be made of plastic, glass, or metal  Place screens on vents, windows, and floordrains to prevent cockroaches and other pests from using unscreened ducts or vents as pathways Improve cleaning practices, including promptly cleaning food preparation equipment after use and removing grease accumulation from vents, ovens, and stoves Use caulk or paint to seal cracks and crevices PREVENTION

26. Rooms and Areas With Extensive Plumbing Promptly repair leaks and correct other plumbing problems to deny pests access to water Routinely clean floor drains, strainers, and grates Seal pipe chases Keep areas dry Increase ventilation when necessary Store paper products or cardboard boxes away from moist areas PREVENTION

27. Maintenance Areas After use, promptly clean mops and mop buckets Allow eating only in designated eating areas Clean trash cans regularly, use plastic liners in trash cans, and use secure lids Keep areas clean and as dry as possible, and remove debris PREVENTION

28. Monitoring or the regular inspection of your facilities is key to IPM Monitoring must be systematic and regular to be effective Setting up a good monitoring program is a cost-effective way to get started in IPM Proper identification of pests and the problems they pose is essential in selecting control methods Often, symptoms look similar for different pests It is important to know the pests that can thrive in your area MONITORING

29. Benefits of monitoring include: A greater awareness of pest activity, including changes in pest populations Up-to-date information on the health of your facilities and landscape Data that can be used to compare pest outbreaks from season to season Early detection of pest problems resulting more management options An effective monitoring program can save you money MONITORING

30. Knowing your pests: What pests have affected my facilities in the past? What other pests can possibly for my facilities? What are the hazards if the pest remains unchecked? When is the pest most active? Where is this pest’s habitat preferences? What does the pest look like at different times of its lifecycle? Are there any benefits to the pest? How can you prevent a pest appearing? How can you control a pest once it is established? MONITORING

31. What to look for The Pest Damage Droppings Tracks and traces Hosts MONITORING

32. Where to look Where has pest damage occurred in the past? What areas might the pest find food and shelter? Ask a pest professional for ideas where to monitor for pests MONITORING

33. When to look Factors include: Weather How soon after applying pesticides, fertilizers or water pests reappear MONITORING

34. Thresholds Know your action thresholds The mere presence of a pest is not enough reason to apply a control measure The number of pests must be sufficient to cause enough harm to pay for the control measure The number of pests required to justify a control measure is called the "action threshold" This threshold may be a certain number of damaged plants, insects in a trap, or weeds in a field MONITORING

35. Use IPM checklists During problem times, such as spring, some areas may have to be visited weekly or more often, looking for pest infestation Results should be compared to previous findings to determine trends Records should have dates, temperature, specific location, host plant or area of infestation, pest(s), and natural enemies present, sampling done with a description of the procedure for sampling, and any counts Records should also document any use of control measures taken MONITORING

36. Trapping can be an effective method of monitoring in addition to spot monitoring Traps can be used on insects, rodents, or animals Here is how insect trapping can help you: Insect traps can often indicate if a spray is economically justified Traps often target adult stages of pests Trapping is a useful timing tool MONITORING

37. Traps are at work 24 hours a day Traps can indicate problem areas, or hot spots, requiring corrective action or spot treatments without having to treat all areas Trapping may help you reduce your use of pesticides A well-run trapping program gives you information on which to base and document your decisions MONITORING

38. Helpful decision-making criteria for selecting the proper control/combined control strategy: 1. Proven Efficacy 2. Lowest Environmental Impact 3. Operational Feasible 4. Cost-Effective. CONTROL TECHNIQUES

39. The primary control methods used in IPM are: Cultural Mechanical Physical Biological Chemical Some control methods may also kill off potential predators of the pest and exacerbate the pest problem CONTROL TECHNIQUES

40. Cultural These controls are modifications of normal facility or plant care activities that reduce or avoid pest problems These include landscape maintenance such as proper fertilizing and watering Eliminating ponding for potential mosquitoes and reducing trash for insects and vectors are also examples of cultural controls CONTROL TECHNIQUES

41. Mechanical These controls involve labor, not including the application of chemical pesticides Controlling weeds by hand-pulling, weed eaters or mulching are examples Application of sticky traps, bird netting and hand-picking insects are all mechanical controls CONTROL TECHNIQUES

42. Physical These controls are environmental manipulations that indirectly control or prevent pests by altering temperature, light or humidity The addition of the product Aquashade to a pond darkens a pond and limits the amount of sunlight needed for algae growth Certain foliar diseases are controlled by thinning the plant canopy, which improves air circulation and reduces humidity The use of diluted white latex paint applied to trees to reduce sun scald is also a physical control CONTROL TECHNIQUES

43. Biological These control methods use beneficial organisms to control unwanted organisms The introduction of lady beetles to a garden area or beneficial nematodes to a lawn are examples of biological control CONTROL TECHNIQUES

44. Chemical Pesticides include insecticides (for insects), fungicides (for fungi), rodenticides (for rodents), aviacides (for birds) and herbicides (for weeds) All pesticides fall into one of the three classes: Class I is Danger, Class II is Warning, and Class III is Caution If a pesticide is warranted, use the least toxic pesticide to be effective in controlling the pest CONTROL TECHNIQUES

45. AQUASHADE Properties: Aquashade is a commercially registered aqua-blue dye used to filter out sunlight prohibiting algae and plant growth in ponds Safety: The dyes used in Aquashade are safe for animals and humans and are nontoxic to plants Uses and Application: Aquashade is used in ponds to prevent the growth of algae and submerged weeds SPECIFIC CONTROL METHODS

46. BORAX Properties: Borax, or sodium tetraborate, is a combination of boron, sodium and oxygen and is mined from the soil in its crude form Safety: Borax is safe around plants and mammals and displays an oral LD50 in rats of 6,000 mg/kg Uses and Application: Borax is effective against most insects and it is recommended that wood be treated with borax to prevent termite damage SPECIFIC CONTROL METHODS

47. CARBON DIOXIDE Properties: Carbon dioxide is the bi-product from animal respiration Safety: Carbon dioxide is a poison to all animals, but it does occur naturally in the atmosphere and is best used in an enclosed space, it will kill unwanted pests Uses and Application. Carbon dioxide may be the control of choice when faced against large numbers of cockroaches, and pantry moths, beetles and weevils SPECIFIC CONTROL METHODS

48. DIATOMAEOUS EARTH Properties: Diatomaeous earth is mined from fossilized shells of colonized algae known as diatoms and has abrasive and absorptive qualities Safety: Diatomaeous earth is virtually nontoxic to mammals Uses and Application: Diatomaeous earth has microscopic jagged edges, though harmless to mammals, are very effective against insects such as ants, beetles, cockroaches, earwigs, fleas, pantry weevils, silverfish, termites, cutworms, and mealybugs SPECIFIC CONTROL METHODS

49. ELECTRO-GUN Properties: The electro-gun is a patented invention which directs 90,000 volts of electricity at 60,000 cycles per second and is used primarily by termite exterminators Safety: The electro-gun is non-toxic and one of the most effective, proven methods for exterminating termites, though the high voltage of the electro-gun makes it a safety concern Uses and Application: The electro-gun is effective at exterminating termites, carpenter ants or any other wood burrowing insect SPECIFIC CONTROL METHODS

50. GARLIC OIL Properties: The strong scent of garlic oil contains the volatile oil alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfer-oxide) Safety: Though safe around humans, garlic oil can be toxic to pest and beneficial insects Uses and Applications: Garlic oil should be used on plants and shrubs to repel insects SPECIFIC CONTROL METHODS