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Definition of Adaptation

Definition of Adaptation. Characteristics that allow an animal to survive in its environment. These characteristics allow the animal to find food, protect themselves, communicate, and mate Can be physical or behavioral. Definition of Symbiosis. When organisms share food and other resources.

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Definition of Adaptation

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  1. Definition of Adaptation • Characteristics that allow an animal to survive in its environment. These characteristics allow the animal to find food, protect themselves, communicate, and mate • Can be physical or behavioral

  2. Definition of Symbiosis • When organisms share food and other resources. • In Bird Beak Buffet lab, you were birds that were sharing food and resources. • There are three types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism.

  3. Other Examples of Mutualism (+/+)These guys are “Pals” or “Buddies” • Orchids and Fungi • Orchid benefits because the fungi grows on the root and helps bring in nutrients to plant • Fungi benefits because it ingests food from the plant during photosynthesis • Fruit and Birds • Bird benefits because the fruit provides nutrition for the bird • Fruit benefits because the birds fly around and expel waste which in turn disperses fruit seeds to new areas • Protozoa and Termites • Termites benefit because the protozoa help termite digest cellulose and other large molecules in wood. • Protozoa benefit because they get food and shelter

  4. Other Examples of Commensalism (+/0) These guys are “Hitchhikers” • Cattle Egret (bird) & Cattle • Bird benefits because the cattle stir up insects while they graze • Cattle does not benefit from birds being around • Barnacles & Scallops • Barnacles benefit because they attach to scallop as a place to live • Scallops don’t care and are unaffected by the barnacles. • Pseudoscorpions & Beetles • Fake scorpions (have pincers but no sting) benefit by hitchhiking under the wing covers of large beetles. This way they can disperse to large areas quickly and avoid predators • Beetles don’t seem to care that they have a hitchhiker

  5. Other Examples of Parasitism (+/-)These guys are “Pickpockets” • Fungus & Trees • Chicken of the woods fungus benefits because it breaks down the tree and gets it nutrients • The tree is harmed because it decays, gets weak, and becomes vulnerable to wicked weather • Fleas & Cats • Flea benefits because it feeds on blood of the cat • Cat is harmed because they lose blood • Ticks & Deer • The tick benefits because it feeds on blood • Deer is harmed because they lose blood and sometimes the tick can be poisonous

  6. Vocab we have covered so far… • Physical adaptation • Behavioral adaptation • Migration & Hibernation • Symbiosis- when two organisms have a relationship • Mutualism- both organisms benefit • Commensalism- one organism benefits, the other gets nothing • Parasitism- one organism benefits, the other is harmed • Endangered • Extinction

  7. Limiting Factors in an ecosystem • a limiting factor is one that controls a process, such as organism growth or species population size or distribution. The availability of food, predation pressure, or availability of shelter are examples of factors that could be limiting for a species population in a specific area. Climate, space, food, water and predators are limiting factors.

  8. Bears in the woods • 1. Write your name on the envelope- please write small! • 2. Line up around the basketball court and put your envelope between your feet. This is your “den”. • 3. You will walk into the forest (basketball court) You may not run! • 4. Gather 1 colored square at a time and return it to your “den”.

  9. Bears in the woods

  10. Bears in the woods story! • You are now all black bears. All bears are not alike, just as you and I are not exactly alike. Among you is a young male bear who has not yet found his own territory. Last week he met up with a larger male bear in the big bear’s territory, and before he could get away, he was hurt. He has a broken leg. Another bear is a young female who investigated a porcupine too closely and was blinded by the quills. The third special bear is a mother bear with two fairly small cubs. She must gather twice as much food as the other bears.

  11. Bears in the woods • 1. Add up the total number on your cards. • 2. Record this next to your name on the envelope. • 3. Stand if you got a total of at least 10 • 4. 80 + YOU SURVIVED! • 5. Bears need at least 80# in 10 days to survive. • 6. Why did so many of you die? Was there enough food?

  12. Bears in the Woods • ORANGE- Nuts (acorns, pecans, walnuts, hickory) • BLUE- Berries and fruits (blackberries, elderberries, raspberries, wild cherries) • YELLOW- Insects (grub worms, larvae, ants, termites) • RED- Meat (mice, rodents, peccaries, beaver, muskrats, young deer) • GREEN- Plants (leaves, grasses, herbs)

  13. Bears in Arizona • Nuts= 20 pounds (25%) • Berries & fruit= 20 pounds (25%) • Insects= 12 pounds (15%) • Meat= 8 pounds (10%) • Plants= 20 pounds (25%) • Total= 80 pounds (100%)

  14. The numbers represent the pounds of food you collected • BLIND: • How many pounds did you collect? • Will you survive? • BROKEN LEG: • How many pounds did you collect? • Will you survive? • MOTHER: • Did you get twice the amount needed to survive? • What will happen to your cubs? • Will you feed your cubs first or yourself? Why? • What would happen to her if she fed the cubs? • What if she ate first? • If the cubs die, can she have more cubs in the future

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