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Integrating Sources

Integrating Sources. by Worth Weller. TOC. Why use sources? What makes a good quote? How long should a quote be? How to “integrate” quotes How to avoid “dropped” quotes How to shorten quotes Using “block quotes” A few notes on paragraphs A few words on grammar, punctuation and citing.

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Integrating Sources

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  1. Integrating Sources by Worth Weller

  2. TOC • Why use sources? • What makes a good quote? • How long should a quote be? • How to “integrate” quotes • How to avoid “dropped” quotes • How to shorten quotes • Using “block quotes” • A few notes on paragraphs • A few words on grammar, punctuation and citing

  3. Why use sources? • College papers are written in your own words. • In fact, 66 to 75 percent of your paper needs to be your own views and thoughts. • Quotes from sources are simply used to back up, prove, and illustrate your own thinking • The reason you use sources is to show the reader that your opinions are informed by: • What you read • And what others have said about your subject.

  4. What makes a good quote? • When you are reading, you are looking for “arguments” that will support (or oppose) your own arguments • You are looking for strong, powerful wording of articulately presented ideas. • Stay away from dates and amounts • Quote only exciting language, language that is controversial, or language that would lose its impact or clarity as a paraphrase.

  5. Examples

  6. How long should a quote be? • Short! • Readers don’t like long quotes - they don’t know why you are using them • Quote just one sentence at a time • Often half a quote is better than a full quote!

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  8. How to “integrate” quotes • Direct quotations should always have three parts: • Quote: Material taken directly from the author • Tag: Material that explains the following or preceding is a quote • Source: Material that documents the source, such as page numbers

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  11. How to avoid “dropped” quotes • All quotes should have some form of “tag” information in the form of a subject and verb that comes before or after the quote • In other words, quotes need to be “integrated” into a larger sentence of your own.

  12. Example

  13. How to shorten quotes • Ellipses (space dot space dot space dot space) indicate that some unnecessary words have been left out of a quotation. • When using ellipses, remember that: • when you quote just a WORD or SHORT PHRASE, no ellipsis is necessary; • you do not use an ellipsis to indicate that you have left something out of the BEGINNING of a sentence; • missing words from the END or somewhere in the MIDDLE of a sentence need to be indicated with an ellipsis

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  15. Using block quotes • Quotes more than four lines long need to be set up as “block quotes.” • Use them very sparingly: • Readers don’t like them • Profs think you are “padding” your paper • They rob you of page length

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  17. A few notes on paragraphs • Never begin a paragraph with a quote - paragraphs begin with transitions and topic sentences. • Never end a paragraph with a quote - robs you of page length • Use the quote in the middle of your paragraph to illustrate and support your topic sentence • Then reflect on how that quote proves your point, explain what the quote means or make some other comment.

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  19. Some words on Grammar, Punctuation, and Citing • Sometimes you have to change a word in a quote to make it fit the grammar of our whole sentence - show this with brackets. • Commas always go inside the quote marks; semi-colons, exclamation points and question marks are outside unless they are the author’s • Except where citing, periods go inside the quote marks. • Use single quote marks to indicate quotes within quotes • Parenthetical citations come at the very end.

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  21. Summary • Quote sparingly - do your own writing • Quote only the good stuff • Use tag material to integrate the quote into a larger sentence • Never begin a paragraph with a quote • Never end a paragraph with a quote.

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