1 / 21

Black Mamba Snake Venom

Black Mamba Snake Venom. Ifeoma Romaine Tamara Brooks. The Snake. Fastest snake in the world (4) speeds up to 12 mph 2 nd largest venous snake in the world (4) Average length – 8 ft. Longest length – 14 ft. Found in Sub-Saharan Africa. Tan areas indicate area where Black Mamba is found.

JasminFlorian
Download Presentation

Black Mamba Snake Venom

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Black Mamba Snake Venom Ifeoma Romaine Tamara Brooks

  2. The Snake • Fastest snake in the world (4) • speeds up to 12 mph • 2nd largest venous snake in the world (4) • Average length – 8 ft. • Longest length – 14 ft. • Found in Sub-Saharan Africa Tan areas indicate area where Black Mamba is found

  3. The Snake • Classification (4) • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Class: Reptilia • Order: Squamata • Suborder: Serpentes • Family: Elapidae • Genus: Dendroaspis • Species: D. polylepis

  4. The Snake Are olive, brown, gray, or sometimes khaki with a cream underbelly Named for color of lining inside mouth (4) Found in low, open habitats, rocky places or open woodlands

  5. The Snake • Breed once a year (5) • No other interaction besides breeding and female abandons eggs after laying them (5) • Oviparous with young fully functional upon hatching (5)

  6. The Strategy • Avoid confrontation but become aggressive when threatened.(5) • Raise head up to 1 meter off the ground (5) • Rapid, numerous strikes followed by flee (5) • Depends on reason of bite

  7. The Strategy • Diurnal and hunts both during the day and at night (4) • When hunting small animals, it delivers one bite then allows venom to take over (4) • Stalks prey until death • When hunting birds, clings to animal to prevent it from flying away (4)

  8. LD50 of 0.25-0.32 mg/kg One bite delivers 100-120mg on average Maximum 400 mg 10 to 15 mg is deadly to a human adult Contains Calciseptine Toxin 1 Toxin K The Venom

  9. The Dendrotoxin • Dendrotoxin Two: long and short chain “toxin k” (2) 57 Amino acid sequence (short) (2) 59 or 60 in the long Highly specific (6) Dendrotoxin in channel

  10. The Dendrotoxin Mechanism • Potassium channel blocker(1) • Specific blocker of non-inactivating Kv1.1, voltage gated K+ channels (1) • Facilitate Ach release from the presynaptic membrane(2) • Kv1.1 channels produce sustained outward potassium currents in response to low changes in membrane potential away from resting (3)

  11. The Dendrotoxin Mechanism • The blockage of potassium channels prevent the repolarization of nerve and muscle cells • Increases the release of neurotransmitters • Prevents the relaxation of muscle cells

  12. Calciseptine • Natural peptide consisting of 60 amino acids with four disulfide bonds. (6) • Highly selective antagonist or agonist

  13. Calciseptine Mechanism • Agonist in skeletal muscle • Increases amplitude of action potentials • Antagonist in cardiac and smooth muscle • Blocks K+ induced contraction in aortic smooth muscle • Blocks spontaneous contraction of uterine muscle and portal vein.

  14. Calciseptine Mechanism • Blocks both Ca2+ and Na+ modes of L-type Ca channel • responsible for normal myocardial and vascular smooth muscle contractility.

  15. L Type Ca2+ Channel • L Type Calcium Channel (7) • Long-lasting voltage-gated Calcium Channels are found in both excitable and non-excitable tissue. • They are responsible for normal myocardial and vascular smooth muscle contractility. • Blockage can abolish contractions in cardiac and smooth muscle

  16. Five subunits make up the L-type channel and alpha-1 subunit is the binding site for calcium-based antagonists (6) Two distinct functions: as voltage sensors, regulate the release of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (6) Channels are permeate to Ca2+ giving rise to very slowly activated Ca2+ currents (6) L Type Ca2+ Channel

  17. The Relevance • One of the most dangerous snakes (5) • venom can kill within 20 minutes • Combination of speed, unpredictable aggression, and potent venom (5) • Help control pest population eat small rodents (5)

  18. Conclusion • Not an endangered species, but problem of humans imposing on habitat (5) • Venom is toxic to about everything. (5) • Venom can induce the failure of major organ systems and eventually cause death

  19. The Trivia • Nike’s “Air Jordan XIX” were designed after this snake (4) • Polymers used to cover laces resemble black snake skin • The 1982 British horror film "Venom" (starring Klaus Kinski) featured a black mamba, delivered to a young boy by mistake, and set loose in his house just as a kidnap plot went awry (4)

  20. The Trivia • Uma Thurman's character Beatrix Kiddo in the Kill Bill movie series has the codename "Black Mamba" - all DiVA members have snake codenames. The character of Budd was killed by a black mamba planted in a suitcase full of money. As he lay dying, Elle Driver, the one responsible for planting the snake, reads to him a compilation of facts about the snake's venom (4)

  21. References (1)Calbiochem. www.emdbiosciences.com/Shared images. Downloaded May1, 2007. (2) Errington, Adam C., Thomas Stohr, and George Lees. Voltage Gated ion Channels: Targets for Anticonvulsant Drugs. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. Vol 5: 15-30. (3) Imredy, John P., and Rodercik Mackinnon. Energetic and Structural Interactions between δ-Dendrotoxin and a Voltage-gated Potassium Channels. 2000. Journal of Molecular Biology. Vol. 296:1282-1294. (4) Mamba. http:/./en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamba. Downloaded May 2, 2007. (5) Schott, Randy. Dendroaspis polylepis. www.animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/info. Downloaded May 2, 2007. (6) Garcia, M.C, et. al., Calciseptine, a Ca2+ Channel Blocker, Has Agonist Actions on L-type Ca2+ Currents of Frog and Mammalian Skeletal Muscle. 2001. Journal of Membrane Biology. Vol 184: 121-129 (7) L-Type Calcium Channel. http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/L+Type+Calcium+Channel.asp?q=L+Type+Calcium+Channel

More Related