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GATEWAY DEVELOPMENT AND PORT RIVALRY IN THE YANGZI RIVER DELTA

GATEWAY DEVELOPMENT AND PORT RIVALRY IN THE YANGZI RIVER DELTA CLAUDE COMTOIS CHEVALIER VISITING PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA KEY ISSUES HOW ARE MARINE GATEWAYS BEING SHAPED? HOW ARE YANGZI CONTAINER SHIPPING SERVICES RESTRUCTURED?

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GATEWAY DEVELOPMENT AND PORT RIVALRY IN THE YANGZI RIVER DELTA

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  1. GATEWAY DEVELOPMENTAND PORT RIVALRYIN THE YANGZI RIVER DELTA CLAUDE COMTOIS CHEVALIER VISITING PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

  2. KEY ISSUES • HOW ARE MARINE GATEWAYS BEING SHAPED? • HOW ARE YANGZI CONTAINER SHIPPING SERVICES RESTRUCTURED? • HOW ARE CHINA’S POLICIES AFFECTING SPATIAL PATTERNS OF MARINE ACTIVITIES? • HOW IS SHORT SEA SHIPPING BECOMING A FACTOR OF CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT?

  3. MARINE GATEWAY SYSTEM O C E A N bridge Island Sea Port C O N T I N E N T C O N T I N E N T Island Freight corridor Interior center Load center Regional gateway network Shortsea/feeder services Deepsea liner services

  4. 35 000 000 25 000 000 15 000 000 5 000 000 TOP MARINE GATEWAYS, 2005 KOREAN PENINSULA TOKYO BAY 11 958 282 5 895 158 HELGOLAND BAY 9 327 853 Busan : 10 407 809 Tokyo : 3 313 647 1 184 842 Guangyang : Hamburg : Yokohama : 2 504 628 6 138 000 Ulsan : 318 279 46 440 Bremen : 3 189 853 Chiba : Masan : 47 352 Kawazaki : 30 443 YANGZI RIVER DELTA RHINE-SCHELDT 12 552 215 28 104 000 Rotterdam : 7 106 779 Shanghai : 11 280 000 Antwerp : 5 445 436 Ningbo : 2 772 000 SAN PEDRO AREA 11 923 200 Los Angeles : 7 178 940 Long Beach : 4 658 124 San Diego : 86 136 PEARL RIVER DELTA SINGAPORE STRAIT TAIWAN STRAIT Containers Handlings 35 324 500 27 518 786 10 086 027 (TEUs) Singapore : Kaohsiung : 8 840 000 Hong Kong : 20 449 000 18 100 000 Port Klang : Taichung : 1 246 027 4 840 000 10 614 900 Shenzhen : Tanjung Pelapas : 3 487 320 Guangzhou : 2 761 700 Pasir Gudang : 750 466 Zhongshan : 754 700 Jurong : 341 000 Jiangmen : 744 200

  5. Hal’an Highway railway Yellow Sea Taizhou provincial limits J I A N G S U Gaogang city Yangzhou Luse TEUs Jingcheng Nantong Y 40000 a Huilongzhen n g z i Zhenjiang Haimen 30000 Zhangjiagang 20000 Jiangyin export Nanjing 10000 Changshu import Changzhou 0 Liujia J I A N G S U Wuxi 90 95 98 Taicang Years Kunshan Maanshan < 1000 TEUs Shanghai Suzhou Yixing Baiyangwan no data Shuangqlao Wujiang Taihu SHANGHAI Wuhu Lake 0 20 40 60 Jiaxing Huzhou km A N H U I Z H E J I A N G East China Sea n g z a Y i Hangzhou Wuhan Shanghai Jiujiang Chongqing Nanchang Shaoxing Ningbo Changsha CONTAINER TRAFFIC BETWEEN SHANGHAI AND YANGZI RIVER PORTS, 1990-1998 Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM

  6. SELECTED LAND AND MARINE GATEWAYS IN ZHEJIANG, 2005 Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM

  7. A) Market quotient of Shanghai port for Zheijang container imports, 1999 B) Market quotient of Shanghai port for Zheijang container exports, 1999 Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM

  8. Shanghai Shanghai A B 0 50 Km Tai Tai Hu Hu Jiaxing Jiaxing Huzhou Hangzhou Huzhou Hangzhou bay bay Zhoushan Zhoushan Hangzhou Hangzhou Ningbo city Ningbo city Shaoxing Shaoxing Xin anjiung East Res. China Linhai Jinhua Jinhua Linhai Sea Quzhou Quzhou (Taizhou) (Taizhou) Market quotient > 1.75 Z H E J I A N G Z H E J I A N G 1.50-1.74 Lishui 1.25-1.49 1.00-1.24 Lishui East 0.75-0.99 Highway China 0.50-0.74 Railway 0.25-0.49 Sea Port location Wenzhou Î Province limit < 0.25 Wenzhou A) Market quotient of Ningbo port for Zheijang container imports, 1999 B) Market quotient of Ningbo port for Zheijang container exports, 1999 Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM

  9. STAGES IN CHINA’S PORT REFORM PROCESS SINCE 1978 DOMESTIC RESPONSIBILITY • CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FIVE-YEAR PLANS • LOCAL GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT • INVESTMENTS BY DOMESTIC COMPANIES OVERSEAS PARTICIPATION • FOREIGN OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT • SEPARATION OF GOVERNMENT FROM ENTERPRISE • CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING

  10. ZHANGJIAGANG Zhenjiang COSCO Nantong R i Y v a n g z e i Yellow Sea r Zhangjiagang COSCO Jiangyin ZHENJIANG SUZHOU SHANGHAI PSA COSCO COSCO JIANGYIN MTL Taihu HPH/COSCO Suzhou NWS Lake Shanghai APM Luyang bridge Jinshanwei Jiaxing Zhapu Haiyan Hangzhou Yangshan East bridge China Hangzhou Xiaoshan Dinghai Sea Shaoxing NINGBO Ningbo HPH 0 20 40 60 CMHI km FOREIGN OWNERSHIP INSELECTED YANGZI RIVER DELTA PORT SYSTEM, 2005 Source : Drewry Shipping Consultants, 2004 Drawing by M. Girard, UdeM

  11. COMPETITIVE FACTORS INTHE DEVELOPMENT OF GATEWAYS • GOVERNMENT POLICY AND PLANNING • CORPORATE PLAYERS AND STRATEGIES • EXTENSIVE NETWORKING • UNIMPEDED ACCESSIBILITY • SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES

  12. EMERGING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT • EMERGING CONSENSUS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND IMPACTS • DEVELOPMENT OF «GREEN PORTS» • COMPETITION BETWEEN LOGISTICS CHAINS • GATEWAY DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES

  13. GROWTH IN SHORT SEA SHIPPING • GOVERNMENT PROMOTION OF SHORT SEA MOTORWAYS • OCEAN GOING SHIPPING LINES INROADS INTO SHORT SEA SHIPPING DISTRIBUTION • TERMINAL OPERATORS INVESTING IN SHORT SEA SHIPPING LINES • DEVELOPMENT OF «WATERWAY BRANCHES» • ALLIANCES BETWEEN SHORT SEA SHIPPING LINES • FROM WHOLESALER OF PORT-TO-PORT SERVICES TO RETAILER OF DOOR-TO-DOOR SERVICES

  14. COST TRANSIT COMPETITIVENESS OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT IN THE YANGZI RIVER, 2006

  15. CONCLUSION • INCREASING COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT • INTERLOCKING PORT DEVELOPMENT OF SHANGHAI AND NINGBO • YANGZI GATEWAY STATUS AND SHORT SEA SHIPPING STRATEGY

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