The Historian think that the word Hydraulic may have Greek word

1. The Historian think that the word Hydraulic may have Greek word Hydraulic Gate controls Dams helps irrigation Hydraulic System supplies water to Villages and Homes. The Historian think that the word Hydraulic may have come from Greek word “Hydor”, which means ‘Water’. Thousands of year back, Dams and Gates were used for irrigation and domestic use. Water wheels were a common phenomenon then. With the advent of oil exploration in previous centuries and later the technique of refining the mineral oil, resulted in the explosion of industrial invention. However, the physical properties of Water being too thin and lack of

2. lubrication capabilities, a thicker media like Oil is used for creating higher pressure and consequently Power. Moreover, Oil has inherent lubrication capabilities. This helps in self- lubricating various mating dynamic components with in a system.Therefore, the modern day’s Hydraulic system run on mineral Oil with specific qualifications and is preferred,over water . However, high intensified pressure application with low volume of water still exist, for Example, Water Jet Cutting Machines. The whole concept of Fluid Power’, is based upon the principal of Pressure at any point in a static fluid is the same, in every direction and exerts equal force on equal areas. This is the Pascal Law, which will be further expanded later in this book. Understanding of term.Pressure and Volume is very important in order to comprehensively appreciate the applications of any Hydraulic Pump/Motor BASIC PRINCIPLE As shown below, A container of 1 diameter (A1) filled with fluid. A force/load of 1 lb. (W1) applied on the one square inch area (A1), which is connected,with yet Pressure (Symbol P) is the Force per unit area applied indirection 90 degree to the surface of an object SIMPLY STATED: Basically, what happens is that 1 pound load on a confined fluid area of 1 square inch creates a force of 1 pound per square inch(psi) equally in all direction. The 1psi now directly works underneath a 10square inch area. Every square inch area now has 1pound force. Thus creating cumulatively 10 pound per

3. square inch force under the 10” diameter container,which in turn can now lift a load of 10 pound by 1inch height. HISTORY OF HYDRAULICS PUMPS The ancient history indicates that in the First Century AD, the Greek inventor called “Hero of Alexandria” developed the first concept pump. It seems that Piston Type Pump was first evolved/developed, than a Vane Type Pump EARLY BEGINNING Even though, historian believes that the Egyptian developed some kind of Pumping device thousands of years BC. However, there is no solid evidence of that. Nevertheless, it may be correct to assume that there was some kind of liquid transferring device early on in the Human evaluation and civilization process. HOW IT ALL STARTED However, ever since in 1653, the French thinker,mathematician and scientist blaze PASCAL established the “Pascal law”, the need for a hydraulic Pump emerged As explained with examples earlier, the Pascal law defines that when fluid is in rest in a confined area, the pressure on any surface exerts a force perpendicular to the surface and independent of the direction of orientation of surface. As shown in the following example, a 10 lb. force on 1 square inch area can result into 10 pound per square inch in all direction in the following example.Later, based on this principle,

4. the Industrial usage of hydraulic system was born. Obviously, to convert the hydraulic energy to mechanical energy, the hydraulic fluid needed to be moved from one point to another.