Global Network for Avian Influenza Surveillance Act (GNAIS)

1. Global Network for Avian Influenza Surveillance Act (GNAIS) Final Briefing Brook Jackson, Jeff Smith, Katie King, Vanessa Pena, and Leyla Pourarkin August 16th, 2006

2. Avian Influenza Overview Brook Jackson Jeff Smith Brook Jackson History Science Uncertainties Legislation Measuring Success Controversies

3. Avian Influenza: The Basics • Primarily a bird disease • Different than human influenza • Zoonotic disease • Human pandemic potential • Unknown transmission path Avian Influenza (AI) is a virus Bar-Headed Goose http://w3.whosea.org/LinkFiles/Publications_and_Documents_factors.pdf http://www.nature.com/

4. H5 N1 www.influenza-pandemic.com Science: Virology 101 Virus • Organism that infects cells • AI virus are identified by H and N proteins Pathogen Organism that causes disease Low Pathogenic LP: Less likely to cause death High Pathogenic HP: High rates of mortality news.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=161&id=240762006

5. History: Timeline 1878 1918 1957 1968 1997 2003 2005 Pandemic flu Hong Kong flu Re-emergence of HP H5N1 HP H5N1 found in migratory birds HP influenza first recognized in Italy Asian flu HP H5N1 in Hong Kong-18 dead http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/timeline.pdf

6. Contraction and Transmission Wild Birds Wild Birds Infection from wild birds to domestic birds Mutation Bird flu strain Bird flu strain Transmission from person to person could occur www.bird-flu-masks.co.uk/

7. Contraction and Transmission Wild Birds Wild Birds Infection from wild birds to domestic birds Reassortment New strain of flu virus Bird flu strain Bird flu strain Human flu strain Transmission from person to person could occur Simultaneous infection of both viruses www.bird-flu-masks.co.uk/

8. Major Transfer Mechanisms Migration of wild birds 1 Trade of domestic and wild birds 2 Source: www.news.bbc.co.uk Source: www.paulnoll.com Mechanisms of AI transfer may be trade or migration or a combination of both…

9. Avian Influenza Spread: Migratory Bird Flyways http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/migrationmap.html

10. Avian Influenza Spread:Legal Trade www.cgfi.org/

11. Avian Influenza Spread:Global Outlook Nations With Confirmed Cases H5N1 Avian Influenza as of July 7, 2006 http://www.pandemicflu.gov/

12. Multiple Dimensions of Avian Influenza Political Economic Social Ecological http://w3.whosea.org/LinkFiles/Publications_and_Documents_factors.pdf http://www.quepasa.com/newsimages/content/ www.mumbaimirror.com/

13. Ecological Concerns • Loss of Biodiversity • Threat to vulnerable species • Introduction into naive species endangered.fws.gov/i/B0G.html • Ecosystem Impacts • Environmental instability • Human backlash http://www.eljee.com/gallery/slideshow.php

14. Reasons for Legislation The objective is to more accurately determine the following uncertainties: • Wild bird flyways • Wild–domestic birds interfaces • Viral mutations and reassortment

15. The Solution Global Network for Avian Influenza Surveillance (GNAIS) (S. 1912 / H.R. 4476) – Sen. Lieberman and Rep. DeLauro

16. Global Network for Avian Influenza Surveillance (GNAIS) Act Global Network for Avian Influenza Surveillance (GNAIS) Training & On-site research International monitoring & testing Information database

17. Avian Influenza US Appropriations Domestic wild bird surveillance $11.6 million + International wild bird surveillance $10 million GNAIS funds National and International human pandemic response funds $3.7 billion

18. Secretary of Health and Human Services Conservation NGO GNAIS Partners Testing International cooperation National Cooperation International Institutions Government agencies abroad Other conservation NGOs Other US Agencies Veterinary Colleges Certified Laboratories

19. The Solutions Collect and test the samples Track changes of virus Applying the Data Determine transmission and spread Monitor wild bird flyways Collect migration data Define wild bird flyways

20. GNAIS Database Through migratory bird monitoring, sampling, testing, and partner training, a predictive model may be created Early Detection System GNAIS Diagnostic Incidence Viral Detection Gene Sequencing Protein Typing Distribution Movement Prevalence

21. MeasuringSuccess Key Success Factors Key Success Indicators • # of countries participating • # of visas and permits granted Political • # of certified researchers/labs/volunteers • Uniformity of tests and procedures Quality of Data • Predictive modeling capacity • # of governments participating Database Use

22. Scientific Controversies Achievement Failure Standardization Task hard to manage globally Training and coordination Incorrect training exacerbates the problem Technology consistency Lack of access to technology

23. Other GNAIS Controversies Political Will countries be transparent and share information? Economic Will fear of economic loss impede its success? Social Will cultural barriers prevent effective communication?

24. SummaryGNAIS • Global initiative • Wild bird migrations focus • Predictive modeling • International cooperation • Proactive and innovative Photo by: BillyKaresh www.marvingottlieb.com http://www.proactive.vt.edu/images/icon_publications_17.gif www.mmoca.org en.arocha.org

25. A Special Thanks To… http://www.birdlife.org Our Advisor: Professor Cook And the entire Bird Flu Team: Brook Jackson, Katie King, Nina Kishore, Matt Klasen, Becca Pass, Vanessa Pena, Jon Philipsborn, Leyla Pourarkin, Meghan Schloat, Jeff Smith, and Melissa Wright Thank you for your dedication and hard work!