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Introduction to Psychology

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Introduction to Psychology

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    3. James-Lange Theory of Emotion Experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

    4. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion Emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger: physiological responses subjective experience of emotion

    5. Schacter’s Two-Factor Theory of Emotion To experience emotion one must: be physically aroused cognitively label the arousal

    6. Cognition and Emotion The brain’s shortcut for emotions

    7. Theories of Emotion

    8. Emotional Arousal

    9. Arousal and Performance Performance peaks at lower levels of arousal for difficult tasks, and at higher levels for easy or well-learned tasks

    10. Lie Detectors Polygraph machine commonly used in attempts to detect lies measures several arousal responses that accompany emotion perspiration heart rate blood pressure breathing changes

    11. Emotion- Lie Detectors

    12. Emotion- Lie Detectors 50 Innocents 50 Thieves 1/3 of innocent declared guilty 1/4 of guilty declared innocent (from Kleinmuntz & Szucko, 1984)

    13. Expressing Emotion Gender and expressiveness

    14. Expressing Emotion Smiles can show different emotions: a) Mask anger b) Overly polite c) Soften criticism d) Reluctant compliance

    15. Expressing Emotion Culturally universal expressions

    16. Expressing Emotion Activation of “sad face” muscles makes subject feel sadder (from Larsen, et al., 1992).

    17. Experiencing Emotion Catharsis emotional release catharsis hypothesis “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges Feel-good, do-good phenomenon people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

    18. Experiencing Emotion Subjective Well-Being self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life used along with measures of objective well-being physical and economic indicators to evaluate people’s quality of life

    19. Experiencing Emotion The changing materialism of entering college students

    20. Experiencing Emotion Does money buy happiness?

    21. Experiencing Emotion Values and life satisfaction

    22. Experiencing Emotion Adaptation-Level Phenomenon tendency to form judgments relative to a “neutral” level brightness of lights volume of sound level of income defined by our prior experience Relative Deprivation perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself

    23. Experiencing Emotion

    24. What is Stress? Stress the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging Health Psychology a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine

    25. What is Stress?

    26. What is Stress? General Adaptation Syndrome Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three stages

    27. What is Stress? Coronary Heart Disease clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle leading cause of death in the United States

    28. Stress & Coronary Heart Disease

    29. Stress & Coronary Heart Disease Type A Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people Type B Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people

    30. Stress and Disease Psychophysiological Illness “mind-body” illness any stress-related physical illness distinct from hypochondriasis – misinterpreting normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

    31. Stress and Disease Lymphocytes two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections T lymphocytes form in the thymus and, among other duties, attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances

    32. Stress and Disease Conditioning of immune suppression

    33. Stress and Disease Negative emotions and health-related consequences

    34. Promoting Health Aerobic Exercise sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness may also alleviate depression and anxiety

    35. Promoting Health Biofeedback system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state blood pressure muscle tension

    36. Promoting Health Modifying Type A life-style can reduce recurrence of heart attacks

    37. Promoting Health Social support across the life span

    39. Promoting Health Predictors of mortality

    40. Promoting Health The religion factor is mulitidimensional

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