Macroinvertebrates And What They Tell Us About Water Quality

1. Macroinvertebrates And What They Tell Us About Water Quality 4AL - Carney Academy

2. MIDGES By: Addison M., Margot H., Hannah C., and Zoey F.

3. Websites: google www.cam.uk.com Midges wikipedia Life Cycle • Midges lay their eggs in wet or swampy soils and soon hatch into larvae. • Adult females lay their eggs in the water or on the margins of water. • The eggs hatch into free-living larvae which go through several moults before they pupate. • Adults mate in swarms soon after emerging. The adult emerges and sits on its empty case for a moment to open its wings before buzzing off. • Only female midges bite. • There are over 20,000 species of midges. This is a midge giving birth.

4. Websites: Google www.cam.uk.com Midges wikipedia Food and Diet • As larvae, they harvest large amounts of energy from trash/debris. • This helps with the decomposition process of recycling nutrients. As adults they eat microorganisms and bacteria. • A certain type of midge is called a Phantom Midge. This type preys on small larvae and fleas.

5. What Do Midges Need To Survive? • Midges are some of the most sensitive indicators of pollution in water. The presence of this species is a sign of a healthy water course with normal oxygen levels. Their absence is a sign of lower oxygen levels in the water that can point to pollution. • Oil and detergents used to disperse oil will alter the character of the surface layer. All of that will have a negative effect on species such as Meniscus Midges larvae that HEAVILY depend on a balanced habitat in water. • Midges can survive with very little. They really only need food, moisture, and a water source. Feces and damp soil provide plenty of moisture for midges to survive. Websites: www.cam.uk.com

6. Habitat And Water Quality: • Most midges are found in small and large natural lakes,sewage oxidations, setting ponds and slow rivers. • Most midges can live in many waters such as clean or polluted waters. • Midges can live in polluted water because they get their nutrients from the garbage. • Midge larvae are born in either the water or the margins of a body of water • Midges are very important to the water quality Websites: Google www.cam.uk.com

7. How To Help. • We need to help midges to survive because they can take care of the pollution. • They eat the pollution making the water cleaner and if we get rid of them, the pollution will keep building and it will get worse. An insecticide called ULV cold aerosol is a generator that can produce a fog that kills adult midges on contact. If we stop using this insecticide we could help midges survival, we could also help in many other ways. • Midges are very important so if we could help them survive they will help us survive as well!

8. DRAGONFLY LARVAE By:Zidan Ferreira, Josiah Moniz, Arielle Clark, and David Horsky

9. LIFE CYCLE The dragonfly life cycle starts off as an egg. The egg hatches in 5 weeks. After it hatches it becomes a nymph. It can take 1-3 years to grow into a full adult. Nymph dragonflies are the second of three stages. Dragonflies spend most of their lives in their nymph stage in the water. A nymph is an immature form of an insect that does not change greatly as is grows. First stage: egg Second stage: nymph Last stage: adult

10. WATER QUALITY!: • Dragonfly larvae can live in mostly any water, besides for extremely hot or cold water. • They are also very sensitive to pollution, so they wouldn’t live in water that is too close to a large factory. • Also, they could get caught in trash, so too much litter in an area of water would not be the best for them.

11. GOOD AND BAD CHEMICALS!: • A bad chemical for dragonfly larvae is Chlorine. • There are very little positive chemicals for dragonfly larvae. One is Cintin Inhibition. +/- Chemicals

12. Diet and Food • Prey: Dragonfly larvaes main prey are mosquito larvae. • They also eat aquatic insects that are smaller than them. • The main insects they eat are midges, mosquito larvae, damselflies, and beetles Dragonfly larvae. • They are carnivores. • Lastly, they eat any insect in their way.

13. Habitat:Zidan Ferreira Dragonfly Larvae/Nymphs live in slow-moving or still waters. For example: Streams, Rivers, Ponds, and Lakes For Example: Acushnet Sawmill, Noquochoke Lake, Victory Park Pond, Sakonnet River, Tiogue Lake These are examples of streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes

14. FACTS • Dragonflies pick up their prey with their feet • Dragonflies main predators when they are larvaes are, heron, fish, ducks, frogs, turtles, and insects that are bigger than them • A group of dragonfly larvae are called swarms • Dragonflies have been around for 300 million years. • In one clutch of an adult dragonfly, there are about 1,500 eggs!

15. WEBSITES USED FOR INFORMATION • https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=dragonfly+larvae&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go&ns0=1 (Wikipedia) • https://www.ducksters.com/animals/dragonfly.php: (Animals for kids: Dragonfly.Ducksters) • https://www.google.com/?safe=active&ssui=on (Google) • https://dragonflywebsite.com/index.cfm (Dragonfly Website) • https://www.dragohttps://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en (Google images) • nfly-site.com/how-long-dragonflies-live.html (Learn about nature) • https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/14-fun-facts-about-dragonflies-96882693/ (Smithsonian) • https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/teachers/learning/dragonfly-life-cycle/ (australian museum) • https://www.dragonfly-site.com/dragonfly-larvae.html (Learn about dragonfly) • https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/nymph (oxford dictionary)

16. Pouch Snails By: Amaya, Ashyia, JP, Elijah

17. The Pouch Snail Life Cycle Lay eggs on land and spend life in freshwater Lay Eggs and most die Adult Snail Start to mate. Life Cycle Eggs hatch and some snails die Shell is soft Grow to sub-adults Shell starts to harden

18. Diet and Survival Needs. These pouch snails mainly eat algae, dead plants, dead leaves,and diatoms.This is why they are called vacuum cleaners of the sea. Dead plants Dead leaves Diatoms Algae

19. Habitat/Water Quality Pouch Snails live in ponds, rivers, “pools”(big puddles of water), these critters can also be found in polluted rivers.They need to have a habitat that has low dissolved oxygen.

20. Chemicals Snails need a specific type chemical to live in an area. This chemical is low DO or dissolved oxygen. Dissolved oxygen is a type of oxygen that is dissolved in water. Examples... Gulf of Mexico Mobile Bay in Alabama Streams

21. Fun Facts • It is born with a soft shell and then it hardens as they grow. • It has a lung sack full of air. • This snail can climb, they usually live on rocks in water. • They are also known as a tadpole snail. • They can slide over knives and sharp objects. • Salt can dehydrate and kill these snails. • They mate once every MONTH. • A nemaslug can also kill them. • They live 15-25 years. • There is no gender in pouch snails.

22. Sources Physidae - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physidae https://sites.google.com/site/pouchsnail/pouch-snail-child Pouch Snail - FUN FACTS - pouch snail - Google Site https://www.google.com/search?q=pouch+snail+life+cycle&rlz=1C1GCEU_enUS820US820&oq=pouch+snails+life&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0.6979j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&safe=active&ssui=on https://sites.google.com/a/natickps.org/freshwater-critters/types-of-snails/pouch-snail

23. The Mayfly By: London Clark, Avery Silva, Kaylie Spink. Extra credits to Emily Lakefor making the slides of the life cycle

24. FOOD No, not this. But, this!

25. Now here's how they eat • Mayflies eat by scavenging small pieces of plants or algae that live on rocks. • Some of the bigger species prey on other aquatic insects. They only eat only a bit of food because they only eat during their larvae stages. When they are an adult, they only live for a few hours before they die. So they don’t eat, or use or use the bathroom. This is the Mayfly eating

26. PREDATORS The small mayfly has many predators that include: • Frogs/ toads • Fish • Newts • Small reptiles • Birds • Rodents • Mammals

27. MATING Mayflies mate in their adult stages, it takes up to a few months to a year for them to emerge, then they only have a few minutes, to a few hours. In that short time of their life, they mate and lay eggs, which you’ll learn about in their life cycle.

28. Life Cycle of a Mayfly

29. 1.The Egg Of course the egg comes first in the life cycle of a mayfly as the females lay up to 50 or more than 10,000 eggs and then sadly die.

30. 2. The Nymph The nymph is the second stage of a mayfly’s life. The nymph appears when the egg hatches. These are some examples:

31. 3. Subimago The subimago is the third stage of a Mayfly’s life cycle. This is the stage before the adult stage. Some people get the Imago and the Subimago of a mayfly mixed up! But the Imago has color on its wings and the Subimago does not. Imago Subimago

32. 4. Imago And finally we have the last stage of a Mayfly, the Imago. This is an Imago, the Imago is an adult Mayfly. When it reaches this stage, the mayfly is able to fly and is fully winged.

33. Habitat: The Mayfly lives in fresh, clean water. They spend most of their life in water. Mayflies are found in North America.

34. How Do Chemicals Affect Them? Since they’re not found in waters with high turbidity this means that if Mayflies are in your water than you have some clean water! They also need plenty of oxygen to stay alive! Flies, beetles, mayflies, and many more insects are attracted to:Fluorescent, Incandescent, and Mercury vapor lights.

35. Where we got our information from: A-Z Animals https://a-z-animals.com/animals/mayfly/ EcoSpark https://www.ecospark.ca/mayfly LiveScience https://www.livescience.com/24062-amber-fossil-hitchhiking-insects.html The National Wildlife Federation https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Mayflies Wikipedia (most used) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayfly Google https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1GCEU_enUS820US820&ei=AWj-XOiaG9G9ggfgiJOgBg&q=mayfly&oq=mayfly&gs_l=psy-ab.3...3147.4138..4285...0.0. Thought.co https://www.thoughtco.com/why-insects-are-attracted-to-light-1968162 WikiJunior https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior:Bugs/Mayfly

36. Caddisflies By: Angelina Palacios, Justin Tirado, Sian Dixon and Amy Sousa.

37. The Egg Cycle By: Angelina Palacios To begin, caddisflies come from eggs. They are always near or in water. The eggs are usually in a gel like substance. They hatch when they are moist. The female caddisfly usually lays 800 eggs but don’t usually hatch more. The gel like substance is always clear. The female cements their eggs to a rock. This is the egg cycle of the caddisfly.

38. The Larvae Cycle Continuing, the larvae hibernate. They make a case around their bodies for protection. Caddisflies usually hibernate in fresh water. Young larvae hatch in a few days. In some species, the larvae forms webs of debbris for protection. While others form funnel-like webs between stones of running water to catch food. This is the larvae cycle.

39. Fun Fact: Artists give caddisflies gold or shiny pieces to make their cocoons and later make jewelry out of it because caddisfly make their cocoons out of anything around them.

40. The Adult Cycle Almost ending, adult Caddisflies need at least 1 year to fully develop.They usually form giant swarms. Caddisflies live several weeks and usually mate on vegetation or rocks surrounding water. This is the life cycle of Caddisfly.

41. The Caddisfly Diet By: Justin Tirado Most caddisflies are herbivorous, this means they only eat plants. They eat plants such as plant tissue and algae. Some caddisflies are predacious which means they eat other animals. They eat animals such as minnows and ants. They are food to frogs, trout, birds, lizards, dragon flies, spiders, and bats. • These are pictures of the food they eat.

42. Facts About Caddisflies By: Amy Scientific name Insecta Trichoptera Random fact: people make jewelry with them! Classification Kingdom Animalia (Animals) Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods) Subphylum Hexapoda (Hexapods) Class Insecta (Insects) Order Trichoptera (Caddisflies)

43. What To Do To Help Caddisflies By: Amy • Keep backyard lights low level and limit yard flood lights • Replace white light bulbs with yellow “bug” lights • Request that white street lights in your neighborhood be replaced with yellow • Reduce amount of vegetation in your yard surrounding your property

44. Caddisflies Habitat By: Sian Dixon A Caddisfly’s habitat mainly consists of diverse, cool waters. Usually, they make a silk like structure to live in and go through their metamorphosis. They stay in fresh waters and need oxygen concentration, associated with water velocity, is important to their larvae. As is the chemical in the water. Certain species have been used as biotic* indicators of pollution. Waters can be clean, dirty, or polluted, and Caddisflies can still live in it! Waters could be also very rocky, or have a lot of grass, and it would still be suitable for these aquatic animals. *Biotic-relating to or resulting from living things, especially in their ecological relations • Caddisflies are very small, so you can’t see them in this picture.

45. https://www.britannica.com/animal/caddisfly Here are some websites we used. https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=ZnXtXKmIEuSm_QbTtajIDA&q=caddisfly+facts&oq=caddisfly+facts&gs_l=psy-ab.12..35i39j0i22i30l3.2378.7256..7488...0.0..0.120.1407.13j3......0....1..gws-wiz.....0..0j0i131j0i67j0i20i263j0i131i67j0i10.5Eu5i0SRNO0&safe=active&ssui=on https://www.google.com/search?q=caddisfly+facts&rlz=1C1GCEU_enUS819US819&oq=caddisfly+facts&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l3.5471j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&safe=active&ssui=on

46. The Acushnet Sawmill Water Quality Water Quality Assessment Chart: > 23 Potentially excellent water quality 17-22 Potentially good water quality 11-16 Potentially fair water quality <10 Potentially poor water quality • Our class collected samples of macroinvertebrates at the Acushnet Sawmill on April 27th and found all of these animals. • Based on what we collected and the Pollution Tolerance Index, our total score average was a 13. • This score shows that the Acushnet Sawmill has potentially fair water quality.

47. Any Questions???