OGT Study Guide: Science and Technology Influence on Society

1. The OGT will be cake if you can do the following!!!

2. OGT Study Guide All you need to know in 4 simple sessions!!! Session I: Scientific Knowledge and Inquiry Session 2: Physical Science Session 3: Life Science Session 4: Earth Science

3. Scientific Knowledge and Inquiry: Science and Technology What you need to know. 1. How does Technology Respond to Society?

4. Technology and Society • The Demands of Society is what influences technology. • 2004-2012: Biggest demand on Society is energy. • Technology is being developed to find new sources of energy or to reuse energy we already have. • Communication: • Nuclear Engineering:

5. Technology and Society • Read this article which talks about the effects of technology on society • http://www.presidentpolls2008.com/Philosophy/effects-of-technology-on-society.html • Check out this article for modern examples • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_and_society

6. Scientific Knowledge and Inquiry: Scientific Investigation What you need to know. A. Scientific Method 1. Independent variable = manipulated variable 2. dependent variable = responding variable 3. controlled variable 4. Control group

7. Scientific Method • Ask a Question • Do Background Research • Construct a Hypothesis • Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment • Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion • Communicate Your Results

9. Check out this Scientific Experiment • http://step.nn.k12.va.us/science/6th_science/ppt/Scientific_Method.ppt#28

10. Independent Variable The independent, or manipulated variable, is a factor that’s intentionally varied by the experimenter. John used 25g., 50g., 100g., 250g., 500g. of sugar in his experiment.

11. Dependent Variable The dependent, or responding variable, is the factor that may change as a result of changes made in the independent variable. In this case, it would be the size of the loaf of bread.

12. Controlled Variables • Variables that are kept the same throughout the experiment.

13. Control Group In a scientific experiment, the control is the group that serves as the standard of comparison. The control group may be a “no treatment" or an “experimenter selected” group.

14. Control Group The control group is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group, except for the variable being tested. All experiments should have a control group.

15. Scientific Knowledge and Inquiry: Scientific Ways of Knowing • What you need to know • Describe ethical practices and guidelines with how science operates. • Know the difference between observation and inference.

16. Ethics • Big thing here is to just use your COMMON SENSE!! Ask These Questions when thinking about Ethics of Science. • How has this advancement improved life? • Were they any ethical implications during and after research stage? • How were living things affected during the experiment? • • What are some possible concerns that people still have?

17. Observation and Inference • Observation = senses • Can you see, touch, smell, feel, or hear it? • Inference = come to a conclusion about the observation.

18. Observation vs. Inference Starring Homer J. Simpson

19. Ohh… This liquid is green and it is leaking from a brown can. I also smell it. Observation Observation: when studying something describe only facts that you can see, touch, smell and hear. You are not making any guesses. THIS IS NOT AN OPINION!!

20. Based on my observations, I think that this can is old and is leaking a toxic substance. Inference Inference: using your observations to make a guess about an object or an outcome THIS CAN BE A SCIENTIFIC OPINION

21. Group Practice • Please Make some observations about the following picture.

22. Group Practice • Please Make some inferences about the following picture.

23. Evidence gathered by paying close attention. Observations are based on fact – events that you see or hear, or measurements that you make. Define Observation Define Inference Uses evidence to draw a conclusion. Inferences are logical guesses that use facts to back them up. Is each event below an observation or inference? • When baking soda and vinegar are combined, the mixture foams. • A chemical reaction must be taken place when baking soda and vinegar are combined. • The ducks arrived at the Wilsons’ pond two weeks earlier this spring than last spring. • The leaves are falling earlier since the weather has been so cold. • The dog must have frightened the rabbit. It ran into a bush. Observation Inference Observation Inference Inference

24. Possible OGT Questions

25. C. Data from experiments that have not been performed.

26. Use this information for problems 1, 2, and 3. • We did an experiment to see if the distance a toy car rolled was affected by the size of the car’s wheels. First, we set up a ramp at 45°. Each of the toy cars was rolled down the same ramp. At the bottom of the ramp, the cars rolled onto the classroom floor. We used a metric ruler to measure the distance each car rolled. The cars we used all had the same mass, but the wheels on each car were a different diameter. Our hypothesis was: If a toy car has larger wheels, then it will roll a greater distance. • 1. Which of the statements below represents the manipulated variable? • A. masses of the toy cars • B. distance traveled by the toy cars • C. height of the ramp • D. surface at the bottom of the ramp • E. size of the toy car’s wheels • 2. Which of the statements below represents the responding variable? • A. masses of the toy cars • B. distance traveled by the toy cars • C. height of the ramp • D. surface at the bottom of the ramp • E. size of the toy car’s wheels • 3. All of the statements below are controlled variables EXCEPT? • A. the height of the ramp • B. he masses of the toy cars • C. the distance the cars travel • D. the type of floor they roll on • E. size of the toy car’s wheels • B. distance traveled by the toy cars • C. the distance the cars travel

27. 12. Based on the illustration to the right, which of the following • is a reasonable observation? • The tree is in Seattle, Washington. • B. This is an area that gets a large amount of rain each year. • C. This tree is home to seven varieties of birds. • D. It is raining. D. It is raining.

28. D. Disclose all medical procedures and provide information on risks and potential side effects.

29. C. It led to the development of more effective, alternative pesticides.

30. D. lead-lined apron

31. How to Answer Extended Response • Use T method or T-square method

32. Find Performance verbs and place on line. (you do not have to write in complete sentences). • • Analyze: • • Compare: • • Describe: • • Evaluate: • • Explain: • Formulate: • • Infer: • • Predict: • • Summarize: • • Support: • • Trace:

33. Predict Explain

34. Describe Describe

35. state state explain explain

36. describe describe

37. Describe Describe Shortage of Blood Prevent bad blood transfusions that lead to HIV

38. Describe Explain Select a soil plot to use no fertilizer Without a plot to compare the fertilized plot to the researcher will not be able to determine if the fertilizer works.