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An Overview of Art History

Please Note:. The following slide presentation and the visuals that accompany it are intended for the sole educational purposes of HUMA 1010 academic study. As such, the material contained herein is offered under the rubric of the fair use clause of U.S. copyright law. Any other uses for this material are prohibited without the permission of the instructor and/or additional inquiry into copyrights that may be held by outside parties.-- Prof. John C. R. SilbertHUMA 1010, RMU.

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An Overview of Art History

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    1. An Overview of Art History A look at major trends and schools of art in Western Culture Compiled by Prof. John C. R. Silbert For use in the HUMA 1010 course, RMU

    3. All Visual Art is Imitation Aristotle’s word for imitation is “mimesis”; what the actor sought to do; to reveal the truth of human beings. Art as Imitation does this in two essential ways: Art as Likeness: Rembrandt Van Rijn (top right) “The Jewish Bride,” 1667 Art as Alteration: Wassily Kandinsky (bottom right) “Composition VIII,” 1923 Within each essential form there are any number of styles. Some seek to paint what is there to be painted, while others seek to paint what is in the artist’s mind (and heart).

    4. Classical Art: Art as Likeness

    5. Classical Art -- quick facts: Classical art is noted for its strong sense of form, proportion and balance. Much of the art and architecture served the needs of the state. Classical art at first sought to idealize the human form; reaching for perfection (as the gods/goddesses were perfect). Note the sculpture on p. 147 in TABH. Much of the art of the Greek period was attributed to Phidias, a painter, sculptor and architect greatly admired in the 5th cy B.C.E. In the late 4th cy B.C.E., the emphasis shifted towards realism; with less depictions of idealized forms replaced by more life-like human qualities. Note the sculpture on p. 149 in TABH. Roman Art often depicted less serene, more dynamic forms that appealed to human passions.

    6. Euclid’s “Golden Section” This is a mathematical calculation of balance that states the most pleasing relationship between two connecting parts is such that the smaller is to the larger as the larger is to the sum of the two. It is expressed mathematically as a ratio of 1:1.68. The golden section finds its way into architecture and painting in the classical and subsequent art periods. Leonardo da Vinci was so impressed by this principle that he called it the “Divine Proportion.”

    7. The Parthenon, Acropolis, Greece Euclid’s Golden Section in Architecture

    8. Leonardo’s “Annunciation of the Virgin” Divide this painting into a square on the left and another on the right. (If it is a root-5 rectangle, these lines mark out two golden-section rectangles as the parts remaining after a square has been removed). Also mark in the lines across the picture which are 0·618 of the way up and 0·618 of the way down it. Also mark in the vertical lines which are 0·618 of the way along from both ends. You will see that these lines mark out significant parts of the picture or go through important objects. You can then try marking lines that divide these parts into their golden sections too.

    9. Byzantine Art

    10. Byzantine and Medieval Art For nearly a 1000 years, the art world came under the influence of the Christian church. (5th cy C.E. to 15th cy C.E.). Beginning with Emperor Constantine’s conversion to Christianity, the church began a strong cultural mandate in Western culture. The goal of art was to remind people of Jesus Christ, the saints and apostles and the story contained in Holy Scriptures. Depictions of Christ showed his wisdom and depth (a more adult-like face even when showing him as a child.) The Pagan world of classical art was frowned upon.

    11. Medieval Art

    12. Medieval Art

    13. The Renaissance

    15. Michelangelo

    17. Raphael Sanzio

    18. Rembrandt van Rijn

    19. Goya

    20. The Advent of Photography and the end of the dominance of realism

    21. Impressionism

    23. Post-Impressionism Vincent Van Gogh

    24. Pointilism

    25. The 1913 69th Regiment Armory Exhibition Named for the building in New York City where this art exhibition took place. Brought to the U.S. many of the new modern artists who were launching into art as alteration with boldness and intensity. This art exhibition found few admirers at the time due to its radical departures from traditional painting. Unlike Van Gogh (and others in Post-impressionist alteration) who began with the natural world and painted it as they saw it, alteration for these modern artists sought to impose something new on the world, something inside themselves.

    26. Abstractionism

    28. Cubism

    32. Surrealism

    34. Georgia O’Keefe

    36. Modern Realism

    42. Abstract Expressionism

    44. Pop Art

    49. Andrew Wyeth – Prof. Silbert’s favorite artist

    53. Modern Architecture

    54. Frank Lloyd Wright

    55. Frank O. Gehry

    56. Philip Johnson

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