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Westward Expansion

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Westward Expansion

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    1. Westward Expansion

    2. Dawes Act: 1877 - required the Indians to dissolve their tribal groups - take up the values and ways of the whites.  

    4. Transcontinental Railroad met in Promontory Point, Utah (1869) Symbolized the connecting of the east and west Opened the door for the industrialization of the Midwest, Southern, and Western territories.

    5. Workers Chinese, Irish and former slaves helped build the Transcontinental Railroad.

    6. Railroads Changed The World By 1884, Railroad time influences the organization of international time zones 1918: U.S. Congress adopts railroad time as the standard for the nation

    7. Our system of time zones were organized so that trains would run on time.

    8. Beginning of a rebellion Farmers organized in the late 1800’s to ask the government for help.

    9. Populist’s political platform … Income tax (16th) Direct election of senators (17th) Government control of major industries 16 to 1 silver to gold Eight- hour work day (law today) Secret ballot ( law today)

    10. The Gilded Age A period of materialism and political corruption in U.S. history during the 1870s

    11. Characteristic of the Gilded Age: - Political machines - Overcrowded tenements - Monopolies and robber barons

    12. Inventions and Innovations of the Gilded Age

    13. Thomas Edison Known as the “Wizard of Menlo Park” Inventions : phonograph incandescent light bulbs motion-picture camera

    14. The invention of the light bulb contributed to industrial growth by making it possible for production to continue at night.

    15. U.S. farmers, business leaders, and industrialists view our natural resources As an endless supply of raw materials to be used for economic gain. 

    16. The invention of the telegraph aided the development of the United States by increasing the speed of communication between people

    17. The laying of telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean improved communication between the United States and Europe

    18. Steel frame skeletons were used to construct skyscrapers in the 1800’s   

    19. A result of the rapid growth of U.S. cities in the early 20th century is that the population in slums increased.

    20. Central Park was built to provided the residents of NYC with green spaces.

    21. Social Darwinism Grew out of Charles Darwin’s theory of biological evolution. Used the theory of evolution to justify the “survival of the fittest” in the marketplace. According to the “theory” the successful businessman was successful because he was better, a more efficient businessman, than his rivals.

    22. It said that hard work, industrialization, and the accumulation of wealth were good things.

    23. “Robber barons” or “Captains of Industry”?  Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller J.P. Morgan

    24. Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) “Rags to riches” Born in Scotland, came to U.S. in 1848 By 1899,manufactured more steel than all the factories in Great Britain Carnegie sold his steel company to J.P. Morgan. U.S. Steel became the world’s largest business. Commitment to Education Gave away practically his entire fortune to charities Funded establishment of Carnegie Mellon University, Carnegie Hall Asset Totals 1901: Worth $250 million Today’s Value: $210 billion

    25. John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) Established Standard Oil Company First monopoly Rockefeller donates $500 million: funded the University of Chicago Helped create the medical institute instrumental in curing yellow fever Asset Totals 1913: $900 million Today’s Value: $330 billion

    26. Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Morgan accumulated wealth through growth and consolidation They would merge companies together or create trusts: Trusts are separate companies that function as one large corporation Through the practice of buying out the competition, they created monopolies: Industries that have complete control over production, wages, and prices The tactics of the industrialists led to them being labeled “Captains of Industry or “Robber Barons”

    27. A monopoly is when an entire industry is controlled by one group. It can cause prices to increase.

    28. How Trusts and Monopolies Were Created

    29. How Trusts and Monopolies Were Created

    30. Business leaders had too much control over business and government policies.

    32. New Immigrants

    33. Old Immigrants

    34. Immigrants Cause Urban Growth Ellis Island (New York) Port of entry for most European immigrants Process included physical examinations and document checks Between 1892-1924, 17 million immigrants passed through this immigration facility

    36. Reasons why people immigrated to US in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s.   - armed conflict - lack of economic opportunity - desire for freedom

    37. Results of Increased Immigration

    38. Many new immigrants found work in the coal and steel industries

    39. Reasons for the development of labor unions in the late 1800’s. - Industrialization - low wages - unsafe working conditions

    40. Labor strikes in the 19th century were not effective in industries that depended largely on unskilled workers

    41. The names of workers considered troublemakers were placed on a blacklist.

    42. Exploitation of children in industry signifies that profits were valued above people

    43. Jacob Riis’ “How the Other Half Lives”

    45. Key figures of the Gilded Age

    46. Jane Addams Founder of Hull House, a “settlement house, in Chicago. It’s purpose was to help poor immigrants.

    47. Susan B. Anthony Leader of women’s suffrage movement Wanted equality for women and the right to vote

    48. Boss Tweed Corrupt leader of the infamous “Tammany Hall” in New York City. It was the political machine that controlled NYC.

    49. Booker T. Washington Born a slave Founded Tuskegee Institute, in Alabama Believed in gradualism

    50. W.E.B. Du Bois A founder of the NAACP an organization dedicated to achieving racial equality for African-Americans

    51. Civil Rights in the Gilded Age Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896): Supreme Court case that legalized segregation Segregation Laws: Passed by many southern states to separate whites and blacks in public and private facilities Racist system of laws became known as “Jim Crow” laws Jim Crow was the name of a popular minstrel song

    52. Methods Used to Deprive the Voting Rights of Citizens Literacy Tests Poll Tax: Kept many poor whites and African Americans from voting because they couldn’t afford the tax Grandfather Clause: Stated that if a man failed the literacy test or could not pay the poll tax he could still vote if his grandfather was eligible to vote before January 1, 1867 Unqualified many black voters: most of their grandparents were slaves before this date

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