algal bloom

1. Algal Bloom Jayanta S.Tiple B.F.Sc. 3rd year College of Fishery Science,Udgir.dt.Latur

2. Content • Introduction • HAB’S • In India • World Wide effect of HAB’s • Reasons of increasing HAB’s • Images of some Algal Bloom • Some spp. of HABs • Cyanobacteria • Effect of algal bloom. • Control method

3. Algal Bloom • An algal bloom is a rapid increase in the popullation of algae in an aquatic system. • Algal blooms may occur in freshwater as well as marine environments. • Result of an excess of nutrients (particularly p and n). • Their growth - cause for other plants to die.

4. Algal Bloom

5. Harmful algal blooms A harmful algal blooms is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to aquatic organisms via production of natural toxins, mechanical damage to aquatic organism. HABs are often associated with large-scale marine mortality events and have been associated with various types of shellfish poisonings and also fin fishes and other aquatic organisms .

6. In India • Researchers have found toxic bloom has increased around 15 percent over the 12 years in indian seas. • There was 80 harmful bloom recorded between the 1998-2010 in indian water. Research data was generated by- K.B Padmakumar & V.N Sanjeevan (centre for marine living resources & Ecology,kochi) 1st recorded observation on algal bloom in india was in 1908.

7. Worldwide Effects of HAB’s Worldwide Effects of HAB’s Light penetration levels in water decrease altering photosynthesis rate. Algal blooms may be harmful to seagrass and coral reef ecosystems and the connected food webs. Shellfish may accumulate algal toxins by feeding on the toxic phytoplankton resulting in fish kills, marine mammal distress, human illness and possible death.

8. Reasons for Increase in HAB’s Reasons for Increase in HAB’s  Global climate changes producing wider ranges for some species.  Human contributions of increased nutrients and pollution in coastal waters and also fresh waters.  Changes in local ecosystems that may allow exotic species to thrive if introduced.

9. Continue..  Upwelling.  Formation of mud banks.  Nutrients discharge on sea or fresh water through river.

10. Eutrophication means of process where by water bodies receive excessive amounts of nutrients, which results in excessive plant growth and formed algal bloom.

14. IN AQUACULTURE

16.  Factors that can contribute to HABs include: Excess nutrients (e.g. phosphorus or nitrogen)  Sunlight  Low-water levels or low-flow conditions  Calm water (low-wind conditions)   Warmer temperatures

17. Images Freshwater algal blooms A red tide

18. Some HAB’s • Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) • Redtides - neurotoxic shellfish poisoning • Ciguatera-Gambierdiscus toxicus • Alexandrium • Gymnodium • Dynophysis • Coolia monotis • Prorocentrum lima.

19. Harmful effect of algal bloom • Changes in levels of chemicals such as nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizer, in the water. • Algal blooms can deplete the oxygen and block the sunlight that other organisms need to live. • And some can produce toxins that are harmful to the health of the environment- plants, animals, and people etc. • Aquaculture industries.

21. PROBLEMS

24. PREVENTION

25. Control method • Biological- Bacteria(Gymnodiniummikimotoi ), Virus, Bivalves, zooplankton etc. • Chemical- Copper sulfate, Alum etc. • Physical

27. EXAMPLE

28. Thank You