3Fold Dr Raid Presentation

1. Quality Methods: Sustainability Application Raid Al-Aomar, PhD Professor of IE, Director of (MEM) College of Engineering Abu Dhabi University

2. Agenda ? Introduction • Quality Methods ? Sustainability Aspects • Environmental • Economic • Social ? QFD Method • House of Quality • QFD for Sustainability • QFD Examples ? Other Methods (Lean & Six Sigma) ? Discussion 2

3. Quality Engineering/Methods: The Know-How of Total Quality Management Q Q award KH 6б Ex SPC TQM QFD Quality Tools & Std. EFQM PDCA-Kaizen Q & COPQ ISO Standards Basic Stat TQM Organization Quality Engineering 3

4. Q Quality Concept • What is Quality? • Quality is the ability of a product or service to consistently meet or exceed customer expectations. • Quality Pioneers • Quality aspects • Product • Service • Cost of Poor Quality: Quality & Cost dilemma, TLF, competitiveness • Quality Awards & Certifications 4

5. Factors to Consider When Quantifying the Costs of Poor Quality

6. Basic Quality Tools Quality tools for problem identification, representation, analysis, and solving: ? Flow charts/Process Maps to understand the process Seven Basic Tools 1. Check sheets 2. Histograms 3. Pareto chart 4. Cause-Effect diagram 5. Scatter Diagrams 6. Run/Control Charts 7. Stratification 6

7. ISO 9000 – TQM 7

8. Q Process & System Level: I-P-O Measurement (SIPOC chart): I P O Suppliers Customers Input Measures Process Measures Output Measures Quality Metrics Feedback Inputs Quality: Supplies, raw material, applications, supplies, services Process Quality: Operations, procedures, standards, resources, etc. Outputs Quality: Products, services, customer relations, etc. Examples: Cost, Time, Delivery, Rejects, Complaints, Reliability • • • 8

9. Organizational Level TQM (EFQM-based Excellence models) ? The 9 criteria of SKEA Quality award. 9

10. Sustainable & Green Design Sustainable design is the philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of social, economic, and ecological sustainability. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_design Green Design and construction practices that significantly reduce, or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and its occupants.” (US Green Building Council) Sustainability Approaches: site planning; safeguarding water use and water use efficiency; promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy; conserving materials and resources; and promoting indoor environmental quality 10

11. 11

12. Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design® A leading-edge system for designing, constructing, operating and certifying the world’s greenest buildings. LEED project certification - provides independent, third-party verification that a building project meets the highest green building and performance measures. United States Green Building Council (USGBC) issued a set of LEED guidelines in 2000.

13. Benefits of Green Building ? Environmental benefits: • Enhance and protect ecosystems and biodiversity • Improve air and water quality • Reduce solid waste • Conserve natural resources

14. Benefits of Green Building … ? Economic benefits: • Reduce operating costs • Enhance asset value and profits • Improve employee productivity and satisfaction • Optimize life-cycle economic performance

15. Benefits of Green Building … ? Health and community benefits: • Improve air, thermal, and acoustic environments • Enhance occupant comfort and health • Minimize strain on local infrastructure • Contribute to overall quality of life

16. Building Ecosystem 16

17. QFD for customer satisfaction ? In a total quality setting, customers define quality. Therefore, customer satisfaction must be the highest priority. ? Customer satisfaction is achieved by producing high-quality products/services that meet or exceed expectations. ? Customer needs are not static. Therefore, constant contact with customers is essential in a total quality setting. ? QFD can be used to update customer needs (get feedback periodically) and enhance products/services accordingly.

18. Quality Function Deployment (House of Quality) ? The QFD’s House of Quality (HOQ) is the heart of QFD. ? It is the set of interrelated matrices known that take on the appearance of a house.

19. QFD in Sustainability: SFD ? QFD can be used to consider the sustainability requirements in the design (Sustainability Function Deployment: SFD). ? It makes sustainability requirements a normal part of architectural design, thereby improving the quality of living and the quality of the environment. ? In order to implement SFD, designers must innovate. They need to identify the mechanisms/actions/technical requirements that fulfill the sustainability requirements. ? QFD/SFD is a mechanism for innovation.

20. WHATs in SFD ? Sustainability requirements ?Interior Air Quality ?Less Energy consumption ?Less Water consumption ?Clean external air ?Natural light ?others ? Each team should come up with a list of WHATs ? Team has to agree on their importance ? Team has to benchmark them with LEED & Estidamah 20

21. HOWs in SFD ? Technical requirements to achieve the WHATs ?Solar ?Cooling ?Recycling ?Design ?Materials ?others ? Each team should come up with a list of HOWs ? Team has to agree on their relationships with WHATs ? Team has to identify correlations within HOWs and suggest how to deal with contradictions ? Team will set design targets for the HOWs 21

22. Example DEWA, Dubai Electricity and WaterAuthority, inAlQuz, Dubai, UAE. In December 2012, the project was occupied and received the certification with a total LEED score of 98 out of 110 (Platinum). Example: At the roof, they added a sky garden to further enhance the indoor and outdoor thermal environment. 22

23. Matrix #1 : Customer Needs * Voice of Customers (VOC) its what the customer needs and wants which is the most important factor that the customer consider in a sustainable building Customer Needs ( VOC ) Imp. Innovative Design 2 * It was chosen based on the sustainability factors that the customer would look to in a sustainable building Energy Efficiency 5 Accessibility 4 * Customer importance is a number from a scale 1 to 5 which is estimated based on the importance of each element to the customer Sustainable Material 2 * The customers needs chosen for DEWA building are Innovative Efficiency, Accessibility, Sustainable Material, Indoor Air Quality, View and Daylight, Natural Ventilation and Water Efficiency Indoor Air Quality 5 Design, Energy Access View & Daylight 4 Natural Ventilation 4 * Energy Efficiency, Natural Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality are the most important VOC needs Water Efficiency 3 23

24. Matrix Number #2: Planning the Improvement Strategy - In this matrix, it provides DEWA assessment compared to the most well known benchmarks within the region which are Estidama and LEED Estidama is the green building rating tool that is used in Abu Dhabi and it consists of 5 pearl according to each sustainability principles LEED is a US benchmark assessment tool used for green sustainable buildings With the assessment of the benchmarks and the customer importance, the improvement factor, sales point, overall weight and total percentage of the overall weight were calculated for DEWA - - - DEWA Estidama LEED I. Planned IF SP. OW % 1 1 1 1 1.0 1.1 2.2 5.2 5 5 5 5 1.2 1.3 7.8 18.4 4 3 4 4 1.4 1.1 6.2 14.6 2 3 3 3 1.2 1.0 2.4 5.7 3 4 3 4 1.2 1.2 7.2 17 3 4 3 4 1.2 1.3 6.2 14.6 3 4 3 4 1.2 1.3 6.2 14.6 3 5 2 5 1.4 1.0 4.2 10 24

25. Matrix Number 3—Selecting the Technical Requirements (HOWs) - In this matrix, we listed out the major technical requirements that would be used to meet the customer needs in terms of sustainability - This is the list of (HOWs) in terms of the technical solutions used within DEWA in Dubai Construction Waste Management Bicycle Parking\Changing Room Control Sensor Recycled \ Certified Material Recycled \ Certified Material Water Efficient Landscaping Solar Hot Water System Artificial Light Control High Efficiency HVAC Electrical Car Parking Public Transportation Low VOC Material Operable Window Water Reduction Vegetated Roof Solar PV Panel Glazed Facade Smoke & 25

26. Matrix Number #4: Evaluating Interrelationships between the WHATs and HOWs. - In each intersection between the technical requirement and the customer need, an interrelationship was estimated either strong, medium, weak or none presented in different shapes - The purpose of this matrix is to show how strong is the relationship between each technical requirement with the customer need, this will later show which technical requirement is consider as a priority for the customer and therefore the designer should invest more in it High = 9 Medium = 3 Weak = 1 26

27. Matrix Number #4: Evaluating Interrelationships between the WHATs and HOWs. Construction Waste Management Bicycle Parking\Changing Room Control Sensor Recycled \ Certified Material Recycled \ Certified Material Water Efficient Landscaping Solar Hot Water System Artificial Light Control High Efficiency HVAC Electrical Car Parking Public Transportation Low VOC Material Operable Window Water Reduction Vegetated Roof Solar PV Panel Glazed Facade Smoke & Customer Needs ( VOC ) Imp. Innovative Design 2 Energy Efficiency 5 Accessibility 4 Sustainable Material 2 Indoor Air Quality 5 Access View & Daylight 4 Natural Ventilation 4 Water Efficiency 3 27

28. Matrix Number #5: Evaluates the Correlation - Within each diagonal intersection in the correlation matrix, a supportive or impeding type of relation ship is established between the technical requirements These correlations exist as the roof of the HOQ ( House of Quality ) The positive and the negative sign shows if the two technical requirement support each other or which one of them oppose each other - - Supportive Impending 28

29. Matrix Number #5: Evaluates the Correlation Supportive Impending 29

30. Matrix Number #6: Selecting Design Targets of the Technical Requirements - The design target matrix includes calculation of the technical priorities - The higher the value shows the importance of implementing the technical requirement in the project design - According to the calculation, the high efficiency HVAC, operable window and artificial light contributes greatly in the project design Technical Priorities 47.4 150.2 83.4 144 61.2 92.6 108 70.2 153.6 37.8 55.8 55.8 55.8 21.6 21.6 7.2 72.6 % of Total Priorities 3.8 12.1 6.7 11.6 4.9 7.5 8.72 5.7 12.4 3.1 4.5 4.5 4.5 1.74 1.74 0.6 5.9 Equations Used: - IF = ( Plan – Current ) x 0.2 + 1.0 - OW = CI x IF x SP % Total W = OW / ∑?? - - TP = ( Symbol Value x OW) + ( Symbol Value x OW) + .. % TP = TP / ∑?? - 30

31. QFD For Dubai Electricity & Water Authority “DEWA”: 31

32. Another Example: Redesign of superblock There is a need to revitalize the inner part of the city. This is about what is needed for the city. So, Abu Dhabi 2030 Plan proposes “a program of block revitalization, undertaking one or several pilot projects”. The goals here are the following: •To analyze the existing situation. •To identify the issues that may cause the blocks to deteriorate. •To pinpoint all drawbacks and create proposals concerning the urban morphology, public space, volumes, as well as social segregation and road/pedestrian networks. By this, the modern concept Abu Dhabi may redefine its urban fabric in a more socially viable and sustainable way that has the potential of becoming the prime design to be followed. 32

33. The QFD HoQ 33

34. QFD for Estidama Requirements The Sheikh Zayed Desert Learning Centre: 34

35. 35

36. Example: QFD Outcomes Technical priorities 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 High efficiency fixtures exterior water monitoring features grey water recycling water monitoring leak detecting facilities Onsite storm management Drought tolerant plants Technical priorities 36

37. Other Methods for Sustainability Lean: war on waste ? Inventory ? Transportation (material Handling) ? Delay (Waiting) ? Motions (Effort) ? Over-processing ? Over-production ? Defects ? New: Knowledge: Over-qualifications, underutilization 37

38. Other Methods for Sustainability Six Sigma’s Methodologies Design NEW products and processes that meet customer needs Improve EXISTING processes so that their outputs meet customer Six Sigma requirements Process Management Control and manage cross-function processes to meet business goals 38

39. 6σ Lower Specification Limit (LSL) Upper Specification Limit (USL) x Lower Specification Limit (LSL) Upper Specification Limit (USL) x 39

40. Many familiar quality tools applied in a structured methodology Six Sigma Tools DMAIC Stage Define (D) Tools Project Charter, Process Map, QFD, benchmarking, KANO, etc. Data collection, sampling, work measurements, Sigma calculator Deliverables Project objectives, CTQs, design variables, resources, project plan, etc. Measured performance, Process variation (Sigma value), process capability measures Measure (M) Analyze (A) Statistical analyses, charts, root-cause analysis, DOE and ANOVA Defined improvement opportunity, sources of variation, action plan. Improve (I) Design optimization, robustness, brainstorming, validation Select the best solutions, changes deployment, adjustments to process variables. Control (C) Error proofing, FMEA, SPC, Standards, PUGH analysis Monitoring plan, maintained performance, documentation, transfer of ownership. 40

41. Questions? 41